Abstract
In the present study, the effect of temperature shock (sudden and gradual) by increasing water temperature from 28 °C to 40 °C on survival, behavioral responses and immunological changes in Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) was studied. In sudden temperature shock, experimental groups were maintained at different temperature ranges such as 28 °C- 31 °C; 28 °C—34 °C; 28 °C—37 °C and 28 °C—40 °C along with 28 °C as control. For gradual temperature shock experiments, the initial water temperature was maintained at 28 °C for 24 h in control and then increased to 1 °C for every 24 h until reaching 40 °C. On reaching the final temperature of 40 °C, it was kept stable for 120 h. Results indicated that the increasing water temperature (sudden shock) affected survival, behavioral responses and immunological parameter. No shrimp survived at 40 °C treatment (sudden), whereas in the gradual temperature shock experiment 20% of animals survived at 40 °C. The increasing water temperature had no effects on behavioral responses up to 37 °C (gradual), but at 40 °C the observation of muscle cramps, low swimming rate, no feeding, muscle and hepatopancreas color turned whitish. Overall, the results suggest that L. vannamei can tolerate water temperature up to 34 °C under sudden shock and 37 °C under gradual shock conditions. This study reveals that shrimp L. vannamei can self-regulate to a certain extent of temperature variation in the environment.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the management of Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai for their constant support of research activities. This work was supported by National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Government of India (F.No.2-13(8)/19-20 NICRA).
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Vinu Dayalan was responsible for methodology, investigation and formal analysis. Govindaraju Kasivelu was involved in conceptualization, funding acquisition, and writing, reviewing and editing. Vasantharaja Raguraman contributed to resources and validation. Amreen Nisa Sharma carried out investigation and formal analysis.
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Dayalan, V., Kasivelu, G., Raguraman, V. et al. Studies on temperature impact (sudden and gradual) of the white-leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 38743–38750 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20963-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20963-y