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The interactions between Reactive Black 5 and human serum albumin: combined spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulation approaches

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Abstract

Azo dyes are made in significant amounts annually and released into the environment after being employed in the industry. There are some reports about the toxic effects of these dyes on several organisms. Thus, the textile dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) has been examined for its cytotoxic effects on the human serum albumin (HSA) structure. Molecular interaction between RB5 and HSA indicated the combination of docking methods, molecular dynamic simulation, and multi-spectroscopic approaches. HSA’s intrinsic fluorescence was well quenched with enhancing RB5 level, confirming complex formation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was done to study the cytotoxic effects of RB5 and HSA conformation. Molecular modeling revealed that the RB5-HSA complex was stabilized by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. The results of molecular docking revealed that the binding energy of RB5 to HSA was − 27.94 kJ/mol. The change in secondary structure causes the annihilation of hydrogen bonding networks and the reduction of biological activity. This research can indicate a suitable molecular modeling interaction of RB5 and HAS and broaden our knowledge for azo dye toxicity under natural conditions.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the University of Kashan, Shahrekord University (Shahrekord branch) as well as SaNa Zist-pardaz Co., Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, 8731751167, Iran

    Nazanin Farajzadeh-Dehkordi & Zohreh Zahraei

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, P. O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran

    Sadegh Farhadian

  3. Member of Chahar Mahal & Bakhtiari Science and Technology Park, SaNa Zist Pardaz Co, Shahrekord, Iran

    Sadegh Farhadian

  4. Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

    Neda Gholamian-Dehkordi

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  1. Nazanin Farajzadeh-Dehkordi
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Contributions

All authors contributed toward data analysis, drafting, and revising the paper and agreed to be responsible for all the aspects of this work. Conceived and designed the experiments: Z.Z., and S.F. Performed the experiments: N.F.D., and S.F. Analyzed and interpreted the data: S.F., and Z.Z. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: Z.Z., and S.F. Wrote the paper: Z.Z., S.F. N.F.D., and N.G.D. Final approval of the manuscript: Z.Z., S.F., N.F.D., and N.G.D.

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Farajzadeh-Dehkordi, N., Zahraei, Z., Farhadian, S. et al. The interactions between Reactive Black 5 and human serum albumin: combined spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 70114–70124 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20736-7

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