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Acute toxicity and teratogenicity of carbaryl (carbamates), tebufenpyrad (pyrazoles), cypermethrin and permethrin (pyrethroids) on the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L, 1758) early life stages

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Abstract

The toxicity of carbaryl, tebufenpyrad, cypermethrin and permethrin was evaluated in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax during the embryonic and larval development using six different concentrations per chemical. The order of the toxicity effectiveness was carbaryl > tebufenpyrad > cypermethrin > permethrin. The larvae were more sensitive to all tested chemicals than embryos. The LC50 of carbaryl, tebufenpyrad, cypermethrin and permethrin was determined as 13.88, 43.96, 92 and 142 ppm and 9.27, 25.67, 48.4 and 72.7 ppm in embryo and larvae, respectively. Furthermore, the tested pesticides exhibited teratogenic effects on D. labrax embryo-larval stages. The observed malformations were coagulation, no spherical egg, unhatched egg, pericardial oedemata, yolk oedemata, lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, no eye, cranial deformation and body atrophy. Malformations were induced with 0.5 ppm carbaryl, 10 ppm tebufenpyrad and 50 ppm cypermethrin and permethrin; the highest rates of malformation were noted with 16 ppm carbaryl, 160 ppm tebufenpyrad, 400 ppm cypermethrin and 400 ppm permethrin as 34.5%, 28%, 17.5% and 16%, respectively. A positive correlation between the incidence of malformation and the increase of pesticide concentration was established.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous reviewers for the comments and suggestions which has considerably improved the quality of the manuscript. We are also grateful to the editor for the effort in compiling and accommodating the reviewers’ comments and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-Monitoring, Group of Fundamental and Applied Malacology (LEB/GFAM), University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia

    Tahani El Ayari & Najoua Trigui El Menif

  2. Department of Biology, Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

    Lazhar Mhadhbi & M’hamed El Cafsi

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  1. Tahani El Ayari
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Conceptualization: Lazhar Mhadhbi, M’hamed El Cafsi; methodology: Lazhar Mhadhbi, Tahani El Ayari; formal analysis and investigation: Tahani El Ayari, Lazhar Mhadhbi; writing — original draft preparation: Tahani El Ayari, Najoua Trigui El Menif; writing — review and editing: Tahani El Ayari, Najoua Trigui El Menif, M’hamed El Cafsi.

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El Ayari, T., Mhadhbi, L., Trigui El Menif, N. et al. Acute toxicity and teratogenicity of carbaryl (carbamates), tebufenpyrad (pyrazoles), cypermethrin and permethrin (pyrethroids) on the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L, 1758) early life stages. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 66125–66135 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20421-9

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