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Potentially toxic elements in street dust from an urban city of a develo** country: ecological and probabilistic health risks assessment

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Abstract

Anthropogenic activities in and around the urban highways followed by aerodynamic processing generate street dusts, which can cause adverse health effects through different exposure pathways. Hence, considering the high degree of industrialization, concomitant unplanned urbanization, and rapid demographic augmentation, street dust samples from an urban city (Gazipur, Bangladesh) were investigated in terms of potentially toxic elements (using ICP-MS) to evaluate their ecological and health risks. Mean concentrations (± SD) of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As) in the analyzed air-dried samples were 40.9 ± 13.6, 44.9 ± 15.4, 83.3 ± 19.0, 9.1 ± 5.4, 239.1 ± 34.7, 33.5 ± 10.4, and 2.1 ± 0.8 mg/kg, respectively with heterogeneous distribution which were 0.2 (As) to 82.7 (Cd) times higher than the available internationally recommended limits. Element-specific environmental indices revealed that contamination levels followed the descending order as Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > As, whereas individual ecological risks followed the descending order as Cd > Cu > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr > As. Sampling site-specific composite indices indicated that sampling sites with high loadings of traffic, population, industrialization, and urbanization were mostly polluted. Multivariate statistical approaches also deduced the similar origins of the studied elements. In terms of the investigated elements, the study site possessed high potential ecological risks, although non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks through different pathway’s exposures seem insignificant, where children are more vulnerable than adults.

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Acknowledgements

The author is thankful to the authority of Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU) and Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) for sample processing and analysis.

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Group Research Project under grant number (R.G.P2/114/41).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh

    Md. Humayun Kabir, Rifat Shahid Shammi & Tanmoy Roy Tusher

  2. Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

    Tapos Kormoker

  3. Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

    Md. Saiful Islam

  4. Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh

    Rahat Khan

  5. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Tanmoy Roy Tusher

  6. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Ram Proshad

  7. Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, **amen, 361021, China

    Md Shafiqul Islam

  8. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 100049, China

    Ram Proshad & Md Shafiqul Islam

  9. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Abubakr M. Idris

  10. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 9004, Saudi Arabia

    Abubakr M. Idris

Authors
  1. Md. Humayun Kabir
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  2. Tapos Kormoker
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  3. Md. Saiful Islam
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  4. Rahat Khan
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  5. Rifat Shahid Shammi
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  7. Ram Proshad
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  8. Md Shafiqul Islam
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  9. Abubakr M. Idris
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Contributions

KMH, KT, IMS, SRS, KR, TTR, PR, IAM: methodology and investigation and sample analysis; KMH, KT, and SRS writing—original draft preparation; KT, IMS, and IAM: funding acquisition. All authors read, revised, and improved the manuscript and attested to the validity and legitimacy of the data and its interpretation, and agreed to its submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tapos Kormoker.

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Kabir, M.H., Kormoker, T., Islam, M.S. et al. Potentially toxic elements in street dust from an urban city of a develo** country: ecological and probabilistic health risks assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 57126–57148 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14581-3

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