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Assessment of polyethylene/Zn-ionic as a diesel fuel sulfur adsorbent: gamma radiation effect and response surface methodology

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Abstract

Irradiated waste high-density polyethylene@Zn/ionic liquid novel composite well-fabricated via coacervation method was irradiated by gamma-irradiation and studied the effect of that radiation on the desulfurization process. The prepared composites were characterized by various analytical techniques as follows: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), N2-adsorption-desorption isotherm, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). The adsorptive desulfurization process of benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) which are harmful compounds in diesel model fuel was investigating using the irradiated and unirradiated composite. The results illustrated that the unirradiated and irradiated composites exhibit an adequate adsorption capacity reached (50–75 mg S/g) and (60–85 mg S/g) for BT and DBT, respectively. The adsorption process over the prepared adsorbents follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The irradiated composite exhibited more adsorption capacity than the unirradiated one due to the radiation generated more surface area and created proton-bond donor sites in the composite surface, which increases the interaction between the surface and sulfur species. The adsorption capacity and adsorption percentage for irradiated and unirradiated composites towards (SCCs) were studied using response surface methodology based on the central composite design (CCD). The thermodynamic factors (∆H°, ∆G°, and ∆S°) reveal that these processes are endothermic adsorption processes. The irradiated PEt @Zn/IL was re-used without significant loss of adsorption activity. This novel irradiated PEt @Zn/IL is the first time used as an adsorbent with an advantage that includes its excellent adsorption capacity, which ensures the product will be efficient in a real process such as the petrochemical industry.

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Abbreviations

V :

volume of the model oil, (mL)

W :

adsorbent mass, (mg)

C 0 :

the liquid phase sulfur concentration at contact time 0 (initial), (mg S/L)

C e :

the liquid phase sulfur concentration at equilibrium, (mg S/L)

C t :

the liquid phase sulfur concentration at contact time t (min), (mg S/L)

β 0 :

the constant coefficient

Β :

the slope or linear effect of Xi

X i :

input factor

β ij :

the quadratic effect of input factor Xi

WPEt:

waste high-density polyethylene

ADS:

adsorptive desulfurization

SCCs:

sulfur-containing compounds

CCD:

central composite design

RSM:

response surface methodology

BT:

benzothiophene

DBT:

bibenzothiophene

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt

    Elsayed Gamal Zaki, Dina Mohmed, Fathi Samir Soliman & Delvin Aman

  2. Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt

    Modather Farouk Hussein

  3. Chemistry department, college of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Modather Farouk Hussein

  4. National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt

    Mai Mahmoud El-Zayat

  5. EPRI-Nanotechnology Center, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt

    Fathi Samir Soliman & Delvin Aman

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  1. Elsayed Gamal Zaki
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  2. Dina Mohmed
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  4. Mai Mahmoud El-Zayat
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  5. Fathi Samir Soliman
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Contributions

E.G. Zaki: methodology, conceptualization, writing—review and editing, and original draft. Dina Mohmed: conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, and writing. Delvin Aman: methodology, conceptualization visualization, and writing—review and editing original draft. Modather F. Hussein: software, data curation, and writing. Fathi S. Soliman: Software, Visualization. M. M. El-Zayat: methodology, conceptualization, and writing.

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Zaki, E.G., Mohmed, D., Hussein, M.F. et al. Assessment of polyethylene/Zn-ionic as a diesel fuel sulfur adsorbent: gamma radiation effect and response surface methodology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 52993–53009 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14501-5

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