Abstract
The study describes the loading of the quartz SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) linker with simultaneous lengthening of the linker through the terminal amine group by glutaraldehyde (GA). The reactive polyethylenimine (PEI) was introduced to the surface to increase the ability to capture Cu(II) ions. The composite got the abbreviation SiO2/PEI-Cu(II). The Cu(II) ions were the active center with a peroxo-complex activation state. The composite characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analyzer. The kinetics of the oxidative degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye obeyed the pseudo-first order under flooding conditions. The reaction parameters including the catalyst dose, solution pH, initial concentration of reactants, and temperature got some attention. The obtained results showed that more than 91.7 ± 1% of RhB dye was degraded to CO2, NH4+, NO3–, H2O, and some inorganic acids after 30 min as confirmed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and total organic carbon (TOC) measurements. Also, GC-MS spectra for water samples drawn from the reaction in successive periods had suggested a conceivable degradation pathway for RhB by hydroxyl radicals. Degradation starts with de-alkylation then carboxyphenyl removal followed by two successive ring-opening stages. Both the effects of the catalyst recycling and treated water reusability on the reaction rate were studied. The catalyst provided noticeable stability over three consecutive cycles.
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Mohamed E. El-Halwagy: carried out the experimental work and writing the draft manuscript
Ali H. Gemeay: critical review, expert opinion, and supervision
Abeer S. Elsherbiny: review of the drafting of the manuscript and supervision
Ahmed B. Zaki: conceptualization and supervision of the manuscript
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Highlights
• The eco-friendly and low-cost amine-rich SiO2 surface was fabricated which could remove metal ions from polluted water via chelation
• The maximum amount of Cu(II) captured by amine-rich SiO2 surface was 52 mg g−1
• The laden of polyethylenimine-copper complex on SiO2 showed excellent catalytic activity
• More than 90% of RhB dye was degraded within 30 min under mild conditions
• The reusability of both the catalyst and produced treated wastewater was evaluated separately
• A detailed mechanistic investigation of the degradation products was considered
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Gemeay, A.H., El-Halwagy, M.E., Elsherbiny, A.S. et al. Amine-rich quartz nanoparticles for Cu(II) chelation and their application as an efficient catalyst for oxidative degradation of Rhodamine B dye. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 28289–28306 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12497-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12497-6