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An environmentally realistic pesticide and copper mixture impacts embryonic development and DNA integrity of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

  • Multi-Stressors in Freshwater and Transitional Environments: from Legacy Pollutants to Emerging Ones
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Abstract

Frequent occurrences of pesticides in the environment have raised concerns that combined exposure to these chemicals may result in enhanced toxicity through additive or synergistic interaction between compounds. Spermatozoa and embryos of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were exposed to different concentrations of a pesticide mixture with and without copper, mimicking the cocktail of pollutants occurring in the oyster culture area of Arcachon Bay. For the 1× exposure condition, measured concentration corresponds to a total concentration of 1.083 μg L−1 for the mixture of 14 pesticides and to 6.330 μg L−1 for copper (Cu). Several endpoints including larval abnormalities, DNA damage to spermatozoa and embryo and gene expression in D-larvae were investigated. Results demonstrated that pesticide mixtures in combination with or without copper induced a dose-dependent increase in embryotoxic and genotoxic effects on D-larvae from the lowest tested dose of 0.1×. Transcription of genes involved in anti-oxidative stress (cat), respiratory chain (coxI), metal detoxification (mt1 and mt2), and cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (p53) was found to be significantly downregulated while the xenobiotic biotransformation gene gst was significantly upregulated in embryos exposed to pesticide mixture with and without Cu. These findings raise the question of the possible impacts of mixtures of pesticides and metals on wild or farmed oyster populations from polluted coastal marine areas.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the French and Vietnamese governments and James Emery for his help in English proofreading.

Funding

This study was supported by the French National Research Agency, under reference “ANR-09-CESA-005,” Aquitaine region (OSQUAR project), and CPER A2E. This project is co-financed by the European Union with the European fund of regional development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400, Talence, France

    Huong Mai, Jérôme Cachot, Christelle Clérandeau, Patrice Gonzalez & Bénédicte Morin

  2. University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Huong Mai

  3. IRSTEA, UR EABX, F-33612, Cestas, France

    Caroline Martin & Nicolas Mazzela

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  1. Huong Mai
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Correspondence to Bénédicte Morin.

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Mai, H., Cachot, J., Clérandeau, C. et al. An environmentally realistic pesticide and copper mixture impacts embryonic development and DNA integrity of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 3600–3611 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3586-6

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