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Molecular and phenotypic responses of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) early life stages to environmental concentrations of cadmium in sediment

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Abstract

Japanese medaka embryos were exposed to environmental concentrations of cadmium (Cd) to investigate adverse and adaptive responses in fish early life stages. Embryos were exposed during their whole development by static sediment-contact to environmental Cd concentrations (2 and 20 μg/g dry weight). Cd bioaccumulation, developmental defects, biochemical and biomolecular (qRT-PCR) responses were analyzed in embryos and hatchlings. A dose-dependent increase of Cd bioaccumulation and developmental defects was observed at hatching. Cd had clear impacts on heartbeat and cardiac morphogenesis and also induced to spinal deformities. The profile and the level of gene transcription were differentially modulated according to the Cd concentration, the duration of exposure and/or the developmental stage of fish. Pro-apoptotic bax and DNA repair rad51 transcripts were significantly repressed in embryos exposed to the highest Cd concentration. Repression of these genes was correlated to the increase of heart rate in 6-day-old embryos. NADH-dehydrogenase nd5 gene transcription was inhibited in larvae at the lowest concentration suggesting mitochondrial respiratory chain impairment, in association with Cd-induced teratogenicity. Finally, wnt1 gene was overexpressed indicating putative deregulation of Wnt signaling pathway, and suggested to be implied in the occurrence of some spinal and cardiac deformities. Results of this study permitted to propose some promising markers at the transcriptional and phenotypical level, responding to environmental concentrations of Cd. The present work also highlights the usefulness of the modified version of the medaka embryo-larval assay with sediment-contact exposure (MELAc) to investigate the toxicity and the modes of action of sediment-bound pollutants.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Aquitaine region, the Seine-Aval program and the University of Bordeaux. Iris Barjhoux received a PhD fellowship from the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (France).

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  1. Iris Barjhoux

    Present address: UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France

Authors and Affiliations

  1. EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France

    Iris Barjhoux, Patrice Gonzalez, Magalie Baudrimont & Jérôme Cachot

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  1. Iris Barjhoux
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Correspondence to Iris Barjhoux.

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Barjhoux, I., Gonzalez, P., Baudrimont, M. et al. Molecular and phenotypic responses of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) early life stages to environmental concentrations of cadmium in sediment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 17969–17981 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6995-4

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