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Software Defined Radio Based Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Systems

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Abstract

This paper focuses primarily on the study of the implementation of Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems on Software defined radio (SDR) platforms, since NOMA has been recognized as a key enabling technology for the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. A comprehensive review of the original birth, the latest trends, and the future research directions of NOMA is given in this paper. Specifically, several Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) receivers are provided with mathematical analysis, such as the Ideal SIC receiver, Symbol-level SIC receiver, Codeword-level SIC receiver and Log likelihood ratio (LLR) based receivers. Furthermore, the bit error rate of two users’ signals is analyzed by implementing the NOMA system with and without the SIC using GNU Radio software. In addition, the performance of orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and NOMA systems is compared in terms of rate pairs (throughput), spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. Finally, the results reveal that the NOMA system performs better than OMA systems and it will be highlighted that SDR is a flexible platform to implement and test future wireless technologies.

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Availability of Data and Material

Not applicable.

Code Availability

www.gnuradio.org.in (It’s an open source software).

Abbreviations

3GPP:

3Rd Generation Partnership Project

ACM:

Adaptive coded modulation

ADC:

Analog to digital converter

AWGN:

Additive white Gaussian noise

BER:

Bit error rate

BTS:

Base station

CCSDS:

Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)

CDMA:

Code-division multiple access

CSI:

Channel state information

DAC:

Digital to analog converter

EE:

Energy efficiency

FDMA:

Frequency division multiple access

GNU Radio:

A humorous recursive acronym meaning ‘GNU’s not Unix

GSM:

Global system for mobile

IHG-RA:

Interference hypergraph-based resource allocation

LDS-CDMA:

Low-density spreading CDMA

LLR:

Log likelihood ratio

LTE:

Long term evolution

MUSA:

Multi-user shared access

NOMA:

Non-orthogonal multiple access

OFDMA:

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access

OMA:

Orthogonal multiple access

OAI:

Open Air Interface

PDMA:

Pattern division multiple access

SIC:

Successive interference cancellation

SDR:

Software defined radio

SE:

Spectral efficiency

SCMA:

Sparse code multiple access

SDMA:

Spatial division multiple access

SM:

Spatial modulation

SNR:

Signal to noise ratio

TDMA:

Time-division multiple access

USRP:

Universal software radio peripheral

V2X:

Vehicle-to-everything

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CMR Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501401, India

    Bathula Siva Kumar Reddy

  2. Department of ECE, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500090, India

    Kiran Mannem & K. Jamal

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  1. Bathula Siva Kumar Reddy
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Contributions

In our contribution, the power domain NOMA with two users’ data using software defined radio (SDR) with the help of GNU Radio is implemented and analyzed. To the best of authors’ knowledge, most of the survey papers presented about NOMA and SDR separately, however, this paper presents a detailed survey about the implementation of NOMA techniques on SDR platform and the major challenges required to implement NOMA. The OMA and NOMA systems are analyzed in terms of rate pairs, energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, channel gains and bit error rate. Moreover, the major research works done during 2017 to 2020 is presented in brief detail and references also provided for further analysis.

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Correspondence to Bathula Siva Kumar Reddy.

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Reddy, B.S.K., Mannem, K. & Jamal, K. Software Defined Radio Based Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Systems. Wireless Pers Commun 119, 1251–1273 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08260-2

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