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Microbial Amelioration of Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants for Agro-Environmental Sustainability

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Abstract

Heavy metal pollution is one of the modern environmental problems that contaminate soil, water, and air. Heavy metal pollution not only results in significant crop yield losses, but also poses health risks. When subjected to heavy metal toxicity, which happens when the quantity of particular heavy metals in the soil or water exceeds their tolerance levels, plants can exhibit a variety of reactions. Metal accumulation in the tissues of plants causes oxidative stress. The oxidative stress in turn impacts cellular homeostasis and adversely affects growth and development. Plants exhibit different mechanisms to fight stressful conditions and lessen the negative consequences of heavy metal toxicity. In this regard, the first line of defence in response to heavy metal toxicity provided by the plant is restricting the uptake of the metals. The second line of defence includes various detoxification mechanisms. Microbes especially associated with the rhizospheric region of the crops have role in remediation of the soils from metal contaminants. The present review highlights the impact of heavy metal on plants and role of the microbes in lessening of heavy metal stress in plants.

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Funding

The authors are grateful to the Department of Environment, Science & Technology (DEST), Shimla funded project “Development of Microbial Consortium as Bio-inoculants for Drought and Low Temperature Growing Crops for Organic Farming in Himachal Pradesh” for providing the facilities to undertake the investigations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Divjot Kour & Babita Sharma

  2. Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Rajeshwari Negi, Tanvir Kaur & Ajar Nath Yadav

  3. Faculty of Agricultural Science, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, India

    Sanjeev Kumar

  4. Department of Zoology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Simranjeet Kaur

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Sofia Sharief Khan

  6. Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India

    Harpreet Kour

  7. Department of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India

    Seema Ramniwas

  8. Depratment of Food Technology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Sarvesh Rustegi

  9. Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Ashutosh Kumar Rai

  10. Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sangram Singh

  11. Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, 13109, Safat, Kuwait

    Sheikh Shreaz

  12. Department of Botany, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Amrik Singh Ahluwalia

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  1. Divjot Kour
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Contributions

Divjot Kour: Writing, Babita Sharma: Writing, Rajeshwari Negi: Writing, Sanjeev Kumar: Figure, Simranjeet Kaur: Writing, Tanvir Kaur: Writing, Sofia Sharief Khan: Writing, Harpreet Kour: Writing and editing, Seema Ramniwas: Writing, Sarvesh Rustegi: Table, Ashutosh Kumar Rai, Table, Sangram Singh: Formating, Sheikh Shreaz: Reviewing; Ajar Nath Yadav: Conceptualization and Reviewing, Amrik Singh Ahluwalia: Reviewing.

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Correspondence to Ajar Nath Yadav.

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Kour, D., Sharma, B., Negi, R. et al. Microbial Amelioration of Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants for Agro-Environmental Sustainability. Water Air Soil Pollut 235, 431 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07251-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07251-w

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