Abstract
Annual runoff forecasting remains a difficult task due to its complicated non-stationary characteristics. To solve this difficulty and improve the prediction accuracy, this paper proposes a novel hybrid model for annual runoff forecasting. This model is based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Auto-Regressive (AR). And it is suitable for non-stationary time series. The proposed model is tested using the annual runoff data from four hydrologic stations in the upper reaches of the Fenhe River basin in China. The non-stationary original annual runoff time series is first decomposed into a limited number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and one trend term using EEMD technique for making the time series stationary. Then, these IMFs are forecasted by establishing corresponding optimum AR models only stationary processes, and trend term is predicted by quadratic polynomial equation. At last, the prediction results of the modeled IMFs and trend term are summed to formulate an ensemble forecast for the original runoff series. The performance of the EEMD-AR hybrid model is compared with EMD-AR and single AR models. Results indicate that EEMD-AR hybrid model gives better accuracy in predicting annual runoff in the study area when compared to other models.
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Acknowledgments
Sincere gratitude is extended to the editors and anonymous reviewers for their professional comments and corrections, which greatly improved the presentation of the paper. This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40901018, 51190093), Science and Technology Key Project on Social Development of Shanxi Province (20140313023–4), Youth Team Foundation Project of Taiyuan University of Technology (Grant No. 2013 T039), and Program for the Top Young Academic Leaders of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi.
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Zhao, Xh., Chen, X. Auto Regressive and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Hybrid Model for Annual Runoff Forecasting. Water Resour Manage 29, 2913–2926 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-0977-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-0977-z