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Countrywide cross-sectional study of swine brucellosis sero-prevalence in Indian subcontinent during 2018–2019

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Abstract

Brucellosis in swine is a contagious disease with greater zoonotic potential caused by Brucella suis. The study describes PAN India swine brucellosis sero-prevalence in 5431 stratified random serum samples collected during 2018–2019 from 26 out of 29 states and two out of seven union territories. The serum samples were tested for anti-Brucella antibodies by indirect ELISA and overall, 4.33% apparent prevalence (AP) was recorded. The AP is ≥ 10% in five states among 26 states, P ≥ 50% in four districts out of 117 districts screened and cent percent prevalence in two epi units out of 264 sampled. Significantly high seropositivity (p < 0.05) in male (6.08%) than female pigs (3.46%) and in ≥ 24-month-old pigs indicated older and male pigs as potential carriers of the disease. The study recorded endemicity of the swine brucellosis in few regions of India requiring periodical surveillance for control of the disease. Brucella testing of boars before breeding and awareness among farmers and veterinarians will aid in reduction of disease burden in the absence of vaccination policy.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge all the Principal Investigators and Co-principal Investigators of the All India Coordinated Research Project on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance (AICRP-ADMAS) for providing the swine serum samples as per the sampling plan. We are thankful to the Deputy Director General (Animal Sciences) and Assistant Director General (Animal Health), ICAR, New Delhi for providing the facilities, support, and encouragement.

Funding

This work was carried out as part of the All India Coordinated Research Project on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance (AICRP-ADMAS), Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Govt. of India, New Delhi, India (Project ID-1XX10708).

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  1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India

    Rajeswari Shome, Triveni Kalleshamurthy, Chaitra Nagaraj, Yashaswini Rathore, Kavana Doddajala Raman**appa, Somy Skariah, Nagalingam Mohandoss, Bibek Ranjan Shome, Mohammed Mudassar Chanda & Divakar Hemadri

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  1. Rajeswari Shome
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Contributions

R.S., N.M., B.R.S., and D.H. conceived and designed the experiments; C.N., K.D.R., Y.R, and S.S. performed the experiments; R.S., M.M.C., and T.K. carried out data analysis; R.S. and T.K. have undertaken the drafting and editing of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajeswari Shome.

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The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, ICAR—NIVEDI, Bengaluru, India.

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All farm owners consented to participate in the study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Shome, R., Kalleshamurthy, T., Nagaraj, C. et al. Countrywide cross-sectional study of swine brucellosis sero-prevalence in Indian subcontinent during 2018–2019. Trop Anim Health Prod 54, 114 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03107-9

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