Abstract
This experiment examines the effects of bamboo charcoal (BC) powder, bamboo vinegar (BV), and their combination (BCV) in the diet of laying hens on performance, egg quality, relative organ weights, and intestinal bacterial populations. A total of 320 laying hens (36 weeks of age) were divided into 4 treatment groups, with 10 replicates per treatment and 8 hens per replicate. They were fed on a control diet, the control diet supplemented with 0.8% BC, the control diet supplemented with 0.4% BV, or the control diet supplemented with a combination of BC (0.8%) and BV (0.4%) from 36 to 51 weeks of age. Egg production increased in the hens fed the BV and BCV diets during 48 to 51 weeks of age (P < 0.05). Damaged egg rate decreased in the hens fed the BV and BCV diets for the whole experiment (P < 0.05). Shell thickness was highest in the BCV-fed group at week 43, and shell strength was higher in the BV-fed group at week 51 (P < 0.05). Supplementation of BC or BCV in the diet resulted in a decreased abdominal fat pad (P < 0.05). In the ileal content, the population of Salmonella spp. decreased in the BV and BCV groups and the population of Lactobacillus spp. increased in the BV group (P < 0.05). The present results indicate that feeding BV or BCV alleviates damaged egg rate and decreases intestinal pathogenic bacteria, while feeding BC benefits by reducing abdominal fat. These results suggest that the effect of BCV seems to be induced by the synergistic effect of BC and BV, and that the BCV contributes to the effective use of bamboo on the laying hen’s production.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Fattah, S.A., El-Sanhoury, M.H., El-Mednay, N.M., Abdel-Azeem, F., 2008. Thyroid activity, some blood constituents, organs morphology and performance of broiler chicks fed supplemental organic acids. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7, 215-222.
Asada, T., Ohkubo, T., Kawada, K., Oikawa, K., 2006. Ammonia adsorption on bamboo charcoal with acid treatment. Journal of Health Sciences, 52, 585-589.
ChungPin, H., DehJen, H., Song Yung, W., Ingluen, S., Chunhan, K., 2004. Effect of carbonization conditions on indoor air purification of bamboo charcoal. Forest Products Industries, 23, 183-197.
Jacela, J.Y., DeRouchey, J.M., Tokach, M.D., Goodband, R.D., Nelssen, J.L., Renter, D.G., Dritz, S.S., 2009. Feed additives for swine: Fact sheets - acidifiers and antibiotics. Journal of Swine Health and Production, 17, 270-275.
Kutlu, H.R., Unsal, I., Gorgulu, M., 2001. Effects of providing dietary wood (oak) charcoal to broiler chicks and laying hens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 90, 213-226.
Mu, J., Uehara, T., Furuno, T., 2004. Effect of bamboo vinegar on regulation of germination and radical growth of seed plants II: composition of Moso bamboo vinegar at different collection temperature and its effects. Journal of Wood Science, 50, 470-476.
Pacheco-Ordaz, R., Wall-Medrano, A., Go-nil, M.G., Ramos-Clamont-Montfort, G., Ayala-Zavalal, J.F., Gonzalez-aguilar, G.A., 2017. Effect of phenolic compounds on the growth of selected probiotic and pathogenic bacteria. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 66, 25-31.
Park, J.H., Park, G.H., Ryu, K.S., 2002. Effect of feeding organic acid mixture and yeast culture on performance and egg quality of laying hens. Korean Journal of Poultry Science, 29, 109-115.
Pizzolante, C.C., Saldanha, E.S.P.B., Lagana, C., Kakimoto, S.K., Togashi, C.K., 2009. Effects of calcium levels and limestone particle size on the egg quality of semi-heavy layers in their second production cycle. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 11, 79-86.
Rattanawut, J., Pimpa, O., Yamauchi, K., 2018. Effects of dietary bamboo vinegar supplementation on performance, eggshell quality, ileal microflora composition, and intestinal villus morphology of laying hens in the late phase of production. Animal Science Journal, 89: 1572-1580.
Rattanawut, J., Trairabeap, D., Karrila, S.J., Rodjan, P., Theapparat, Y., 2019. Production performance, egg quality, and fecal bacterial population of laying ducks fed ration supplemented by bamboo vinegar. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 42, 224-229.
Ruttanavut, J., Yamauchi, K., Goto, H., Erikawa, T., 2009. Effects of dietary bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar liquid on growth performance and histological intestinal change in Aigamo ducks. International Journal of Poultry Science, 8, 229-236.
Samanta, S., Haldar, S., Ghosh, T.K., 2010. Comparative efficacy of an organic acid blend and bacitracin methylene disalicylate as growth promoters in broiler chickens: effects on performance, gut histology and small intestinal milieu. Veterinary Medicine International, 2010, 1-8.
Sengor, E., Yardimci, M., Cetingul, S., Bayram, I., Sahin, H., Dogan, I., 2007. Effects of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) supplementation on performance and egg characteristics of old breeder hens. South African Journal of Animal Science, 37, 158-163.
Soltan, M.A., 2008. Effect of organic acid supplementation on egg production, egg quality, and some blood serum parameters in laying hens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7, 613-621.
Swiatkiewicz, S., Koreleski, J., Arczewska, A., 2010. Laying performance and eggshell quality in laying hens fed diets supplemented with prebiotics and organic acids. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 55, 294-306.
Vinus, S.N., Tewatia, B.S., 2017. Organic acids as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry. Pharma Innovation Journal, 6, 164-169.
Watarai, S., Tana., 2005. Eliminating the carriage of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in domestic fowls by feeding activated charcoal from bark containing wood vinegar liquid (Nekka-rich). Poultry Science, 84, 515-521.
Yamauchi, K., Ruttanavut, J., Takenoyama, S., 2010. Effects of dietary bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar liquid on chicken performance and histological alterations of intestine. Journal of Animal and Feed Science, 19, 257-268.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Associate Professor Seppo Karrila, Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, for critical review on the manuscript prior to submission.
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Office of the Higher Education Commission and the Thai Research Fund under Grant No. MRG6280254.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rattanawut, J., Pimpa, O., Venkatachalam, K. et al. Effects of bamboo charcoal powder, bamboo vinegar, and their combination in laying hens on performance, egg quality, relative organ weights, and intestinal bacterial populations. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 83 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02527-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02527-9