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Antioxidant activities of Alyssum virgatum plant and its main components

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Abstract

The antioxidant properties of methanol extract of above-ground parts of Alyssum virgatum, an endemic plant, were analyzed. Together with their total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacities, their effects on reactive oxygen species were determined by experimental methods. The methanol extracts of A. virgatum plant appeared to exhibit in-vitro antioxidant activity. In particular, the extract of the plant was found to have a scavenging effect against hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Total phenolic content was found to be 161.25 mg gallic acid per gram dry material. Total flavonoid content was found to be 119.89 mg quercetin per gram dry material. Total antioxidant capacity was determined as 94.92 mM α-tocopherol acetate per gram dry material. Moreover, the amount of the extract that caused 50% inhibition of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical was assayed as 29.24 mg mL−1 and 46.04 mg mL−1, respectively.

Addition to the experimental studies, DFT, molecular docking, and ADME calculations were performed to determine antioxidant, biological activity, and drug properties of two main phenolic components of A. virgatum which are cinnamic acid and ferulic acid. DFT calculations were executed at B3LYP/6–311 +  + G(d,p) level in Gaussian 16 software. The HAT, SET-PT, SPLET mechanisms, and the spin density analyses of the main components were investigated in detail. Molecular docking studies of the investigated main components were executed on the antioxidant proteins in Schrodinger 2020–3 program. Additionally, ADME properties of the mentioned main components were determined via QikProp module in the Schrodinger software. All theoretical studies showed that ferulic acid had better antioxidant, biological, and drug activities than cinnamic acid.

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Code availability

GaussView 6.0, Gaussian 16, Schrodinger 2020–3.

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Acknowledgements

We convey our special thanks to Dr. Bayram ATASAGUN (Selçuk University, Department of Vocational School of Health Services) identifying the plant species of this research.

Funding

This work is supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Sivas Cumhuriyet University under the project number RGD-020. The numerical calculations reported in this paper were fully/partially performed at TUBITAK ULAKBIM, High Performance and Grid Computing Center (TRUBA resources).

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey

    Emre Koç & Ferda Candan

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey

    Ayhan Üngördü

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  1. Emre Koç
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Emre Koç: Conceptualization, methodology, software, formal analysis, investigation, writing — original draft, writing — review and editing; Ayhan Üngördü: Conceptualization, methodology, software, formal analysis, investigation, writing — original draft, writing — review and editing, visualization; Ferda Candan: investigation, writing — review and editing, supervision.

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Correspondence to Emre Koç or Ayhan Üngördü.

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Koç, E., Üngördü, A. & Candan, F. Antioxidant activities of Alyssum virgatum plant and its main components. Struct Chem 33, 267–279 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11224-021-01856-1

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