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BiCl3-loaded montmorillonite K10: a new solid acid catalyst for solvent-free synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes

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Abstract

We report an efficient green process for synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives under solvent-free conditions by use of a new solid acid catalyst, BiCl3-loaded montmorillonite K10. The catalyst was characterized by SEM, BET surface area measurement, and determination of its surface acidity by temperature-programmed desorption measurements. The salient features of the procedure are its simplicity, ease of preparation of the catalyst, cost effectiveness, excellent yield with short reaction time, reusability of the catalyst, and enhancement of the acidity of montmorillonite K10 catalyst by BiCl3 loading.

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors, M.S., is grateful to CSIR, New Delhi, India, for financial support through research Grant number 21(0799)/10/EMR-II.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Photocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

    K. Ravi, B. Krishnakumar & M. Swaminathan

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  1. K. Ravi
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  2. B. Krishnakumar
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  3. M. Swaminathan
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Correspondence to M. Swaminathan.

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Ravi, K., Krishnakumar, B. & Swaminathan, M. BiCl3-loaded montmorillonite K10: a new solid acid catalyst for solvent-free synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes. Res Chem Intermed 41, 5353–5364 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-014-1636-3

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