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Evaluation of the performance of satellite products and microphysical schemes with the aim of forecasting early flood warnings in arid and semi-arid regions (a case study of northeastern Iran)

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Abstract

Flood early warning requires rainfall data with a high temporal and spatial resolution for flood risk analysis to simulate flood dynamics in all small and large basins. However, such high-quality data are still very scarce in many develo** countries. In this research, in order to identify the best and most up-to-date rainfall estimation tools for early flood forecasting in arid and semi-arid regions, the northeastern region of Iran with 17 meteorological stations and four rainfall events was investigated. The rainfall products of satellites (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record, Global Satellite Map** of Precipitation, Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station, European Reanalysis (ERA5), Global Precipitation Measurement) along with the most widely used microphysical schemes of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (Purdue-Lin (Lin), WRF Single-Moment class 3, 6, and WRF Double-Moment class 6. were used for rainfall modeling. The efficiency of each of these models to forecasting the amount of rainfall was verified by four methods: Threat Scores (TS), False Alarm Ratio, Hit Rate (H), and False Alarm (F). Analysis of research findings showed that the WRF meteorological model has better accuracy in rainfall modeling for the next 24 h. In this model, Lin's microphysical scheme has the highest accuracy, and its threat score (TS) quantity is up to 98% efficient in some stations. The best accuracy of satellite products for estimating the amount of rainfall is up to 50%. This accuracy value is related to the satellite product (ERA5). In this method, an 18 km distance from the ground station is the best distance for setting up the space station, which is used for input to hydrological/hydraulic models. Based on the results of this research, by using the connection of the WRF model with hydrology/hydraulic models, it is possible to predict and simulate rainfall-runoff up to 72 h before its occurrence. Also, by using these space stations, the amount of rainfall is estimated for the entire area of the basin and an early flood warning is issued.

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Funding

This Paper is a part of the elite soldier project of Iran, and it has been done with the financial support Regional Water Company of Khorasan Razavi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

    Rasoul Sarvestan

  2. Applied Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Regional Water Company, Mashhad, Iran

    Reza Barati

  3. Climatology, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Aliakbar Shamsipour

  4. Irrigation and drainage, Office of basic studies of water resources, Regional water company of khorasan razavi, Mashhad, Iran

    Sahar Khazaei

  5. University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Manfred Kleidorfer

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  1. Rasoul Sarvestan
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  4. Sahar Khazaei
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  5. Manfred Kleidorfer
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study's conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Rasoul Sarvestan, Reza Barati, Aliakbar Shamsipour, Sahar Khazaei and Manfred Kleidorfer. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Rasoul Sarvestan and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Sarvestan, R., Barati, R., Shamsipour, A. et al. Evaluation of the performance of satellite products and microphysical schemes with the aim of forecasting early flood warnings in arid and semi-arid regions (a case study of northeastern Iran). Nat Hazards (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06689-9

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