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Amorphous non-doped and Se-, Cu-, and Zn-doped Sb2S3 nanoparticles prepared by a hot-injection method: bandgap tuning and possible observation of the quantum size effect

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Abstract

Amorphous, non-doped, and copper- and selenium-doped Sb2S3 nanoparticles were synthesized by a hot-injection method. Zinc-doped Sb2S3 nanoparticles were prepared for the first time using the same approach. Electron microscopy revealed that spherical nanoparticles of 1–4 nanometers aggregated into larger spherical clusters. Introducing dopants into the Sb2S3 structure neither influenced the samples’ spherical morphology nor their sizes. The presence of the dopants (Cu, Se, or Zn) was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and, in the case of Zn, also by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns of the non-doped and doped samples imply an amorphous structure. Crystalline Zn-doped Sb2S3 revealed defined peaks from only the Sb2S3 phase, indicating successful do**. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) revealed high optical bandgap energies (2.03–2.12 eV) compared to the values (1.6–1.7 eV) for large non-doped and doped particles obtained at 240 °C, which might be attributed to a quantum size effect. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed a phase without any impurities for the undoped and characteristic peaks for copper, selenium, and zinc Auger for the doped samples. XPS valence band confirm for the Zn-doped particles a shift towards lower binding energy compared to the non-doped samples, indicating successful do**. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show that embedding Zn into the Sb2S3 host lattice suppresses the wide luminescence band related to intrinsic vacancy defects. Narrow peaks at 1.7–2.4 eV were found to be associated with singlet excitons. The energy dependence of the light emission on the synthesized nanoparticles’ size suggests quantum confinement.

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Funding

The research was funded by the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia. Yu. K. and D. Z. are grateful to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation (project no. FEUZ-2023-0014) for support. This work was also funded by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) within the PPP Serbia program (grant 57447826). The work of M. J. was supported by a fellowship of the Platform for Ph. D. students of the Technical University of Darmstadt and the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. We thank Stefanie Schmidt from the Technical University of Darmstadt for the ICP-MS measurements.

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  1. Department of Atomic Physics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia

    Ivana Validžić, Maja Popović & Jelena Potočnik

  2. Hochschule Darmstadt, University of Applied Sciences, Stephanstr. 7, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany

    Christina Graf & Maximilian Joschko

  3. Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia

    Yulia A. Kuznetsova & Dmitry A. Zatsepin

  4. Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia

    Dmitry A. Zatsepin

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Validžić, I., Popović, M., Potočnik, J. et al. Amorphous non-doped and Se-, Cu-, and Zn-doped Sb2S3 nanoparticles prepared by a hot-injection method: bandgap tuning and possible observation of the quantum size effect. J Nanopart Res 25, 48 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-023-05695-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-023-05695-5

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