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Insulin-producing cell clusters derived from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells as a model for diabetes research

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Abstract

Background

The human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) possess a great potential to develop the cell-based therapy for diabetes due to its unscarred healing capacity and reparative potential. In this current study, we isolated, cultured and characterised the GMSCs and explored their potential to differentiate into Insulin Producing Cell Clusters (IPCCs).

Methods

The cells derived from gingival tissues exhibited fibroblast-like morphology. The flow cytometric analysis revealed positive expression of CD73(97.43%), CD90(95.05%), and CD105(93.17%) and negative expression of CD34(0.05%), CD45(0.09%), and HLA-DR (0.025) surface markers. We then converted this adherent fibroblast-like GMSCs into floating IPCCs using a sequential three-step protocol containing a different combination of differentiating agents. Initially, the presence of insulin in IPCCs was confirmed by dithizone staining. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay confirmed that IPCCs secrete insulin in response to glucose.

Results

Generated IPCCs express pancreatic markers such as insulin, pdx1, glucagon, GLUT4 and GLUT2 as evidenced by RT-PCR analysis. Our results unequivocally showed that IPCCs can be generated from gingiva which is a potential source of postnatal MSCs. Our results offer the IPCCs generated from hGMSCs a platform for screening anti-diabetic drugs and a new autologous source of tissue for islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes.

Conclusions

Our results unequivocally demonstrate for the first time that hGMSCs can be used as an attractive non-invasive tissue source for generating IPCCs, which can be employed in diabetes research for screening antidiabetic agents and also for transplantation in type 1 diabetic patients as autologous source without the need of immunosuppression.

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Abbreviations

IPCCs:

Insulin producing cell clusters

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

SFM:

Serum free medium

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Sharath Shetty, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, for his assistance in obtaining gingiva tissue, and Dr. Nitya Shree, Bicon (Banglore) and Dr. Shivani Desai for her assistance in editing the manuscript. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (India) for providing funds to carry out this research work.

Funding

No funding was recieved for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India

    Avinash Kharat, Avinash Sanap, Supriya Kheur, Madhura Shekatkar & Ramesh Bhonde

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  1. Avinash Kharat
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  2. Avinash Sanap
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Contributions

AHK: experimental design, experimental work. AS and MS: manuscript writing. SM and RRB: conceptualization, data interpretation, manuscript writing, and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ramesh Bhonde.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Institutional Committee for Stem Cells Research of Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune (India). Gingival tissues were obtained from healthy volunteers with their prior inform consent as per the guidelines of the institutional ethics committee of Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune (India).

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Kharat, A., Sanap, A., Kheur, S. et al. Insulin-producing cell clusters derived from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells as a model for diabetes research. Mol Biol Rep 49, 11973–11982 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-08008-6

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