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Atopic dermatitis: molecular, cellular, and clinical aspects

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Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complicated, inflammatory skin disease, which numerous genetic and environmental factors play roles in its development. AD is categorized into different phenotypes and stages, although they are mostly similar in their pathophysiological aspects. Immune response alterations and structural distortions of the skin-barrier layer are evident in AD patients. Genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environment are also significantly involved in contextual factors. Genes involved in AD-susceptibility, including filaggrin and natural moisturizing, cause considerable structural modifications in the skin's lipid bilayer and cornified envelope. Additionally, the skin's decreased integrity and altered structure are accompanied by biochemical changes in the normal skin microflora’s dysbiosis. The dynamic immunological responses, genetic susceptibilities, and structural modifications associated with AD's pathophysiology will be extensively discussed in this review, each according to the latest achievements and findings.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Jafar Salimian & Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi

  2. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Zahra Salehi

  3. Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Ahmadi

  4. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Bio Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Emamvirdizadeh

  5. Department of Dermatology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyyed Masoud Davoudi

  6. Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mehrdad Karimi

  7. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohsen Korani

  8. Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Mehrdad Karimi

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  1. Jafar Salimian
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  2. Zahra Salehi
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  4. Alireza Emamvirdizadeh
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  5. Seyyed Masoud Davoudi
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  6. Mehrdad Karimi
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  7. Mohsen Korani
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  8. Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
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Contributions

JS participated in the design of the study and wrote the manuscript. AA and ZS performed the literature search. SMD and MK performed the data analysis. AE and SAJ conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, and helped draft the manuscript. MK critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi.

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Salimian, J., Salehi, Z., Ahmadi, A. et al. Atopic dermatitis: molecular, cellular, and clinical aspects. Mol Biol Rep 49, 3333–3348 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-07081-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-07081-7

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