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Identification and expression analysis of auxin-responsive GH3 family genes in Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) during grafting

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Abstract

The GH3 genes play vital roles in auxin homeostasis by conjugating excess auxin to amino acids. However, how GH3 genes function during grafting in Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) is largely unknown. Here, based on the transcriptome database, a comprehensive identification and expression profiling analysis of 12 GH3 genes in Chinese hickory were performed. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CcGH3-x exists in a specific subfamily. To understand the roles of CcGH3 genes, tissue-specific expression and the response to different phytohormones were determined. Expression profiles of GH3 genes of Chinese hickory during grafting were analysed. The data suggested that 10 CcGH3 genes were down-regulated at an early stage of grafting, indicating that auxin homeostasis regulated by the CcGH3 family might be inhibited at initial stages. At the completion of grafting, expression levels of members of the CcGH3 family were restored to normal levels. Endogenous auxin levels were also measured, and the data showed that free auxin decreased to the lowest level at an early stage of grafting, and then increased during grafting. Auxin amino acid conjugation increased at an early stage of grafting in rootstock, and then decreased with progression of the graft union. Our results demonstrate that the reduced expression of CcGH3 family genes during grafting might contribute to the release of free auxin, making an important contribution to the recovery of auxin levels after grafting.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971695, 31901346, 31470683, 31270716 and 31070604); National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000604, 2018YFD1000600); Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LZ18C160001); Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University (ZY20180208, ZY20180308); Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University (KF201708); Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation (111 Project D18008); Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2018C02004); National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2013AA102605); Fruit Innovation Team Project of Zhejiang Province (2016C02052-12); Key Agricultural New Varieties Breeding Projects founded by Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Department (2016C02052-13); Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar (LR13C160001); Open Foundation of First-class Discipline of Forestry, Zhejiang Province (201703); The First-class General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M610377).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, People’s Republic of China

    Dongbin Xu, Ying Yang, Shenchen Tao, Yanling Wang, Huwei Yuan, Anket Sharma, **aofei Wang, Daoliang Yan & Bingsong Zheng

  2. Center for Cultivation of Subtropical Forest Resources (CCSFR), Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, People’s Republic of China

    Dongbin Xu, Ying Yang, Shenchen Tao, Yanling Wang, Huwei Yuan, Anket Sharma, **aofei Wang, Daoliang Yan & Bingsong Zheng

  3. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, People’s Republic of China

    Chenjia Shen

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  1. Dongbin Xu
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Contributions

BZ and DY conceived and designed the study. DX performed bioinformatics analysis and wrote the manuscript. YY and ST conducted the experiments. HY, YW and XW took care of the plant samples. AS contributed to analyzed the data and reviewed the manuscript. CS contributed to the bioinformatics analysis and preparation of figures and tables.

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Correspondence to Daoliang Yan or Bingsong Zheng.

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Xu, D., Yang, Y., Tao, S. et al. Identification and expression analysis of auxin-responsive GH3 family genes in Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) during grafting. Mol Biol Rep 47, 4495–4506 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05529-w

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