Abstract
Bacopa monnieri L. (BM; Family: Scrophulariaceae), commonly known as Brahmi, is traditionally used as a nootropic agent. BM also exhibits significant analgesic activity in experimental models of pain. However, the effect of Bacopa monnieri against glutamate-induced nociception in zebrafish is yet to be explored in experimental condition. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of BM against glutamate-induced nociception and brain mitochondrial toxicity in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). BM at 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml was administered to adult zebrafish and after half an hour glutamate was injected through i.m. route of administration. Indomethacin was used as standard drug. After behavioral analysis, the fish were euthanized and the brain was isolated and stored for further biochemical analysis. BM (1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml) and indomethacin significantly attenuated the glutamate-induced increase in number of line crossing compared to control group animals. Additionally, BM (1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml) and indomethacin significantly reduced the glutamate induced increase in cytosolic calcium level. Further, there was a substantial improvement in mitochondrial function, integrity and bioenergetics in term of respiratory control rate and ADP/O in zebrafish brain. Moreover, BM (1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml) and indomethacin significantly reduced the glutamate-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in zebrafish brain. Therefore, BM could be a potential alternative drug candidate in the management of pain.
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MS is thankful to GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India for the financial assistantship.
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Partial financial support was received from GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Mahima Sharma: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft. Pankaj Gupta: Design hypothesis, Project administration, Supervision. Debapriya Garabadu: Conceptualization, Design hypothesis, Data curation, Supervision, Validation, Writing - review & editing. The authors reviewed and approved this manuscript.
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Sharma, M., Gupta, P. & Garabadu, D. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Bacopa monnieri attenuates glutamate-induced nociception and brain mitochondrial toxicity in Zebrafish. Metab Brain Dis 37, 383–396 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00874-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00874-6