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Forest landscape dynamics after intentional large-scale fires in western Patagonia reveal unusual temperate forest recovery trends

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Abstract

Context

Western Chilean Patagonia is an isolated temperate region with an important proportion of intact forest landscapes (IFL) that was subjected to large-scale fires over 60 years ago. However, there is no empirical evaluation of the land cover dynamics to establish the forest loss and recovery, and the effect on the landscape structure and function, and remnant IFL following the fires.

Objectives

The present study addressed the following questions: (1) What have been the main trends of the land cover dynamics between 1984 and 2018 following earlier fires, and how have these trends shaped the spatial patterns and potential carbon stock of forests in western Patagonia? (2) What proportion of forest landscape remains intact following fires in this region?

Methods

We selected the Coyhaique Province (1,231,910 ha) in western Chilean Patagonia as the study area. Land cover maps for three dates (1984, 2000, 2018) were used to evaluate landscape dynamics after fires. A map of persistence and change occurrence was made to estimate the IFL area over the 1984–2018 period. Landscape metrics were used to assess landscape structure change, and potential carbon stock was estimated based on a literature review.

Results

Following fires, the main land cover changes between 1984 and 2018 were loss of ~ 32,600 ha of old-growth forest and a recovery of ~ 69,000 ha of second-growth forest. The increase in second-growth forest area mainly resulted from loss of agricultural cover (~ 41% of the area). Despite these changes, ~ 61% of the area could potentially remain as IFL after fires. Over the 1984–2018 period, a slight increase in fragmentation of old-growth forest, and a decline in second-growth forest were observed. Coyhaique Province experienced a slight increase (3.6%) in overall potential carbon stock, likely as a result of second-growth forest recovery.

Conclusions

Our study provides the first evidence of the western Patagonia landscape state after more than six decades since the large-scale fires. The results provide baseline information on landscape structure and function that could help to make conservation and forest management decisions on specific territory areas.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by FONDECYT, Grant No. 11220353 to A.H-M., and ANID, No R20F0002 (PATSER). A.H.M. thank Benjamín Sotomayor for hel** with land cover maps and Paulo Moreno for their help in the carbon stock literature review. We thank David Crawford to provide English revision support for the first draft of this work. Last, we thank to the critical review from Dr. Eric Gustafson and the anonymous reviewer which allowed improved the manuscript.

Funding

This study was funded by FONDECYT Grant No. 11220353, and ANID Regional No R20F0002 (PATSER).

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  1. Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, Camino Baguales S/N Km 4, Coyhaique, Chile

    Ángela Hernández-Moreno

  2. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile

    Daniel P. Soto

  3. Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Conservación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    Alejandro Miranda

  4. Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile

    Alejandro Miranda

  5. Global Environmental Change Lab, Department of Geography, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA

    Andrés Holz

  6. Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia

    Dolors Armenteras-Pascual

Authors
  1. Ángela Hernández-Moreno
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  2. Daniel P. Soto
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  3. Alejandro Miranda
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  4. Andrés Holz
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  5. Dolors Armenteras-Pascual
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by ÁH-M and DPS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ÁH-M, and all authors commented and edited on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ángela Hernández-Moreno.

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Hernández-Moreno, Á., Soto, D.P., Miranda, A. et al. Forest landscape dynamics after intentional large-scale fires in western Patagonia reveal unusual temperate forest recovery trends. Landsc Ecol 38, 2207–2225 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01687-x

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