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Oil in porous substrates: a thermogravimetric and simultaneous thermal analysis of spontaneous combustion risk

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Abstract

High-temperature pipelines conveying plant-based edible oils are covered with a thermal insulation material; however, if a pipe leaks, that insulation material and oil produce oxidation reactions that release thermal energy. We examined the combination of linseed oil and rock wool, a porous insulation material commonly used in the oil processing industry by using a simultaneous thermogravimetric analyzer to measure the thermogravimetric loss trend and heat release modes, while adding porous materials under non-isothermal conditions. The Friedman, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger, and ASTM E698 standard thermokinetic models were used to evaluate the apparent activation energy (Ea) as a basis for determining the thermal sensitivity of incompatible materials in combination with insulation materials. The study results demonstrate the conditions under which linseed oil and porous materials would lead to thermal runaway. The Friedman and FWO models showed that the conversion degree increased from 0.2 to 0.8, and the mean Ea decreased from 71.33 and 73.97 to 33.08 and 55.02 kJ mol–1, respectively. The Kissinger and ASTM E698 methods decreased from 56.75 and 65.83 to 55.95 and 58.06 kJ mol–1 after rock wool was added. Through the four thermokinetic models, the Ea of linseed oil with the addition of rock wool was discovered to be lower than that of pure linseed oil. The study results demonstrated the conditions under which linseed oil and porous materials would lead to thermal runaway.

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Abbreviations

A :

Pre-exponential factor (s–1)

E a :

Apparent activation energy (kJ mol–1)

G (α):

Integral conversion function (dimensionless)

k (T):

Reaction rate constant (dimensionless)

R :

Universal gas constant (8.314 J mol–1 K–1)

T :

Temperature (K or °C)

T o :

Exothermic onset temperature (°C)

T p :

Peak temperature (°C)

t :

Time (s)

t 0 :

Initial time (s)

t f :

Final time (s)

α :

Conversion degree, 0 < α < 1 (dimensionless)

α p :

Peak conversion degree (dimensionless)

β :

Heating rate (°C min–1)

f (a):

Reaction function (dimensionless)

ΔH :

Enthalpy of reaction (J g–1)

ΔH tot :

Total heat release (J g–1)

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to all members of the Process Safety and Disaster Prevention Laboratory at YunTech. All experimentation and testing were conducted at YunTech, Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (YunTech), No. 123, University Rd., Sec. 3, Douliu, 64002, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC

    Shin-Mei Ouyang

  2. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 1, Changda Rd., Tainan, 71101, Taiwan, ROC

    Yu-Jen Chen

  3. Bachelor Degree Program in Fire Safety Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 1, Changda Rd., Tainan, 71101, Taiwan, ROC

    Chin-Feng Chen

  4. Bachelor Program in Industrial Technology, YunTech, No. 123, University Rd., Sec. 3, Douliu, 64002, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC

    Wei-Chun Chen

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Contributions

SMO contributed to conceptualization, methodology, original draft, reviewing, and editing. YJC contributed to conceptualization and methodology. CFC contributed to methodology and supervision. WCC contributed to reviewing, editing, and supervision.

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Correspondence to Wei-Chun Chen.

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Ouyang, SM., Chen, YJ., Chen, CF. et al. Oil in porous substrates: a thermogravimetric and simultaneous thermal analysis of spontaneous combustion risk. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 4669–4679 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11648-2

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