Abstract
Underground power cables are prone to electrical tree aging and additives loss due to the harsh working environment. In this work, the thermal aged cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables were restored by injecting a newly synthesized voltage stabilizer containing hydrolyzable siloxane groups. The voltage stabilizer functionalized siloxane groups greatly enhanced the electrical tree initiation voltage, significantly reduced the direct current (DC) conductivity and dielectric loss factor. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicated that the voltage stabilizer molecules were distributed in the electrical tree channels of the restored cables. After secondary thermal aging at 150 °C for 360 h, the characteristic electrical tree initiation voltage of the restored cable reached 12.10 kV, which was 66.90% higher than that of the unrestored cable. This indicated that the migration of voltage stabilizers could be inhibited by introducing hydrolyzable groups. This investigation provided a new approach to improve the migration resistance of the voltage stabilizer and the inhibitory effect of the rejuvenation liquid on the electrical tree.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhou C, Yi H, Dong X (2017) Review of recent research towards power cable life cycle management. High Volt 2:179–187
Teyssedre G, Laurent C (2013) Advances in high-field insulating polymeric materials over the past 50 years. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 29:26–36
Densley J (2001) Ageing mechanisms and diagnostics for power cables-an overview. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 17:14–22
Chandrasekar S, Purushotham S, Montanari GC (2020) Investigation of electrical tree growth characteristics in XLPE nanocomposites. IEEE Trns Dielectr Electr Insul 27:558–564
Chen G, Tham C (2009) Electrical treeing characteristics in XLPE power cable insulation in frequency range between 20 and 500 Hz. IEEE Trns Dielectr Electr Insul 16:179–188
Purushotham S, Chandrasekar S, Montanari GC (2020) Investigation of Electrical Tree Growth of XLPE Nano Composites using Time-Frequency Map and Clustering Analysis of PD Signals. J Electr Eng Technol 15:2711–2719
Su J, Du B, Li J, Li Z (2020) Electrical tree degradation in high-voltage cable insulation: progress and challenges. High Volt 5:353–364
Ross R (1998) Inception and propagation mechanisms of water treeing. IEEE Trns Dielectr Electr Insul 5:660–680
Vincent GA, Meyer DF (1988) Restoring stranded conductor electrical distribution cable
Chatterton WJ, Dionne J (2009) Chemical treatment of URD cables. IEEE Electr Insul Conf 2009:500–503
Pelissou S, Lessard G (2011) Underground medium-voltage cable rejuvenation-Part I: Laboratory tests on cables. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 26:2324–2332
Zhou K, Yuan H, Akram S, Meng P, Mahmood A, Aamir M, Imran M (2021) Healing of water tree aged cables using rejuvenation nanofluid. Polym Test 102:107324
Shu W, Boggs SA (2011) Effect of Cable Restoration Fluid on Inhibiting Water Tree Initiation. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 26:97–100
Merati Shirazi AH, Hosseini SMH (2018) Comparison of aged XLPE power cables restoration by injecting two various anti-failure nanofluids. Eng Fail Anal 90:262–276
Qian J, Quan Z, ** O, Minghao C, Yong L, Zhenhui L (2020) Analysis of the Inhibition of Different Dendritic Defects in Cables by Silicone Repair fluid. IEEE Int Conf High Volt Eng Appl 2020:1–4
Bertini GJ, Chy H (2021) Rejuvenation addresses partial discharge in power cables. IEEE Trns Dielectr Electr Insul 28:688–696
Bertini GJ (2004) New developments in solid dielectric life extension technology. Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Int Symp Electr Insul 527–531
Zhou K, Tao X, Wang X, Zhao W, Tao W (2015) Insight into the new role of titanium isopropoxide catalyst on rejuvenation for water tree aged cables. IEEE Trns Dielectr Electr Insul 22:611–618
Gao LY, Tu DM, Liu Y, Qiu B, Huang GL, Wang LH (1991) Effect of ferrocene derivatives on the dielectric properties of polyethylene. Proc 3rd Int Conf Proper Appl Dielectr Mater 796–799
Gao Y, Huang X, Min D, Li S, Jiang P (2018) Recyclable Dielectric Polymer Nanocomposites with Voltage Stabilizer Interface: Toward New Generation of High Voltage Direct Current Cable Insulation. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7:513–525
Dong W, Wang X, Tian B, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Li Z, Zhou W (2019) Use of grafted voltage stabilizer to enhance dielectric strength of cross-linked polyethylene. Polymers 11:176
Chen X, Xu Y, Cao X, Gubanski S (2016) On the conducting and non-conducting electrical trees in XLPE cable insulation specimens. IEEE Trns Dielectr Electr Insul 23:95–103
Saleh MA, Refaat SS, Olesz M, Abu-Rub H (2021) Inception and Propagation of Electrical Trees in the Presence of Space Charge in HVAC Extruded Cables. IEEE Trns Dielectr Electr Insul 28:1775–1784
Dissado LA (2002) Predicting electrical breakdown in polymeric insulators. From deterministic mechanisms to failure statistics. IEEE Trns Dielectr Electr Insul 9:860–875
Ye G, Li H, Lin F, Tong J, Wu X, Huang Z (2016) Condition assessment of XLPE insulated cables based on polarization/depolarization current method. IEEE Trns Dielectr Electr Insul 23:721–729
Li C, Zhang C, Zhao H, Zhang H, Wang X, Han B (2021) Grafted UV absorber as voltage stabilizer against electrical degradation and breakdown in cross-linked polyethylene for high voltage cable insulation. Polym Degrad Stabil 185:109498
Dissado LA (2002) Understanding electrical trees in solids: from experiment to theory. IEEE Trns Dielectr Electr Insul 9:483–497
Laurent C, Mayoux C, Noel S (1985) Mechanisms of electroluminescence during aging of polyethylene. J Appl Phys 58:4346–4353
Yousif E, Haddad R (2013) Photodegradation and photostabilization of polymers, especially polystyrene. Springerplus 2:1–32
Allen NS (1983) Photostabilising action of ortho-hydroxy aromatic compounds: A critical review. Polym Photochem 3:167–187
Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation (no. 51877142).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Authors have no conflicts of interest associated with this publication to declare.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Li, M., Chen, Y., Xu, Q. et al. Thermal aged XLPE cables restoration by injecting hydrolyzable voltage stabilizer. J Polym Res 29, 470 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03290-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03290-1