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Concurrent and Prospective Associations of Reward Response with Affective and Alcohol Problems: ADHD-Related Differential Vulnerability

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Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder. Data on the role of transdiagnostic, intermediate phenotypes in ADHD-relevant characteristics and outcomes are needed to advance conceptual understanding and approaches to precision psychiatry. Specifically, the extent to which the association between neural response to reward and ADHD-associated affective, externalizing, internalizing, and substance use problems differ depending on ADHD status is unknown. Aims were to examine, in 129 adolescents, whether concurrent and prospective associations of fMRI-measured initial response to reward attainment (relative to loss) with affectivity and externalizing, internalizing, and alcohol use problems differs between youth at-risk for (i.e., subclinical) (n = 50) and not at-risk for ADHD. Adolescents were, on average, 15.29 years old (SD = 1.00; 38% female), 50 were at-risk for (Mage = 15.18 years, SD = 1.04; 22% female) and 79 not at-risk for (Mage = 15.37 years, SD = 0.98; 48.1% female) ADHD. Both concurrent and prospective relations differed given ADHD risk: across analyses, in at-risk youth, greater superior frontal gyrus response was associated with lower concurrent depressive problems but in not at-risk youth, these characteristics were not related. Controlling for baseline use, in at-risk youth, greater putamen response was associated with greater 18-month hazardous alcohol use, whereas in not at-risk youth, greater putamen response was associated with lower use. Where in brain and for which outcomes modulate (direction of) observed relations: superior frontal gyrus response is relevant for depressive problems whereas putamen response is relevant for alcohol problems and greater neural responsivity is linked to less depressive but to more alcohol problems in adolescents at-risk for ADHD and less alcohol problems in adolescents not at-risk. Differences in neural response to reward differentially confer vulnerability for adolescent depressive and alcohol problems depending on ADHD risk.

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Authors’ Contributions

A.R. conceived the study, developed and designed the methodology, participated in data curation, carried out formal analysis and data visualization, took part in project administration and investigation, and participated in writing the original draft and in editing and review; K.Á. participated in data curation, carried out formal analysis, took part in project administration and investigation, and participated in writing the original draft and in editing and review; B.P. took part in conceptualization and participated in reviewing and editing the original draft; J.R. took part in conceptualization and participated in reviewing and editing the original draft; I.U. took part in conceptualization and participated in reviewing and editing the original draft; N.B. conceived the study, developed and designed the methodology, carried out formal analysis, obtained funds for the study and supervised the study, and participated in writing the original draft and in editing and review. All authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by a Hungarian Academy of Sciences Momentum (“MTA Lendület”) Grant awarded to N.B. (#LP2018-3/2018). During the preparation of this article, A.R. was supported by New National Excellence Programme (ÚNKP-21-3-II-SE-53) and SE250+ (EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00009) fellowships.

Data Sharing and Declaration

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the github repository, https://github.com/agrezk/Radosi_et_al_JOYO.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

    Alexandra Rádosi, Kristóf Ágrez & Nóra Bunford

  2. Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Alexandra Rádosi

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Bea Pászthy

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    János M. Réthelyi

  5. Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

    István Ulbert

  6. Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary

    István Ulbert

Authors
  1. Alexandra Rádosi
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  2. Kristóf Ágrez
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  3. Bea Pászthy
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  4. János M. Réthelyi
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  5. István Ulbert
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  6. Nóra Bunford
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nóra Bunford.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical Approval

This research was approved by the National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition (OGYÉI/17089-8/2019). This research was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

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The parents of all participants gave informed consent and all participants gave informed assent prior to participation.

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Rádosi, A., Ágrez, K., Pászthy, B. et al. Concurrent and Prospective Associations of Reward Response with Affective and Alcohol Problems: ADHD-Related Differential Vulnerability. J Youth Adolescence 52, 1856–1872 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01794-7

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