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A Review of Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings and Adhesives with Polyester Polyol from Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste

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Abstract

The aim of this review article is to show the most recent research on obtaining waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coatings and adhesives using polyester polyol from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste, and describing their properties, in the search for a more sustainable product. WPU is obtained in two stages: (1) PET-based polyester polyol synthesis and (2) WPU synthesis. In the first stage, glycolysis is the most widely used degradation method for PET and zinc acetate catalyst to obtain polyester polyol, resulting in oligoesters. Studies with different degradation agents (propylene glycol, triethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol) of PET were highlighted, resulting in different oligoesters. A trend was observed in polyester polyol from the reaction of the post-consumption PET oligoester of using vegetable oil, particularly castor oil. A promising process was also found to obtain PU from polyester polyol in a single stage with renewable oil, which traditionally involves two stages. In the second stage, the processes using acetone solvent and prepolymer mixture were the most commonly used to prepare WPUs. The different synthesis pathways result in different WPU properties, which consequently serve different markets. It was found that adding polyester polyol to the flexible segment of WPUs (synthesized with PET and vegetable oil) led to a more flexible product, an important quality for coatings and adhesives. The presence of cutting agents, chain extenders and nanoparticles had a positive influence on the thermal stability of WPUs. The thermal degradation temperature of WPUs increased by up to 19 °C when PET oligoesters were used for their synthesis, compared to those synthesized without PET oligoesters. Moreover, the initial WPU degradation temperature can increase by up to 60%, depending on the type of glycol (propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol) and the PET/glycol molar ratio used in oligoester synthesis (1:2 or 1:10).

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Abbreviations

APTES:

3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane

BD:

1,4-Butane diol

BHET:

Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate

BHETA:

Bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalamide)

DEA:

Diethanolamine

DEG:

Diethylene glycol

DMF:

N,N-dimetylformamide

DMPA:

Dimethylolpropionic acid

DPG:

Dipropylene glycol

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

EDA:

Ethylene diamine

EG:

Ethylene glycol

FTIR:

Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy

HMDI:

Hexamethylene diisocyanate

HMMM:

Hexamethoxymethylmelamine

IPDI:

Isophorone diisocyanate

MDEA:

N-methyldiethalomine

MDI:

Methylene diphenylisocyanate

MEA:

Monoethanolamine

MEK:

Methyl ethyl ketone

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

NaMs:

Sodium metasilicate

NPG:

Neopentyl glycol

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PET:

Polyethylene terephthalate

PG:

Propylene glycol

PPG:

Polypropylene glycol

PU:

Polyurethane

TDI:

Toluene diisocyanate

TEA:

Triethyl amine

TEG:

Triethylene glycol

Tg:

Glass transition temperature

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

TMP:

Trimethylolpropane

Tonset :

Initial decomposition temperature

TPA:

Terephthalic acid

VOC:

Volatile organic compound

WPU:

Waterborne polyurethane

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for the scholarship awarded to Elaine Meirelles Senra, the National Scientific Research Council (CNPq) and the Research Support Foundation of Rio de Janeiro state (FAPERJ). The authors are also grateful for the invaluable contribution of Milton Briguet Bastos (in memoriam).

Funding

This study was conducted with a study grant provided by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) to the doctoral student Elaine Meireles Senra.

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  1. IMA, Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Horácio Macedo, 2.030, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Prédio do Bloco J, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil

    Elaine M. Senra, Ana L. N. Silva & Elen B. A. V. Pacheco

  2. Escola Politécnica/Programa de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Prédio do Bloco A, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil

    Ana L. N. Silva & Elen B. A. V. Pacheco

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Senra, E.M., Silva, A.L.N. & Pacheco, E.B.A.V. A Review of Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings and Adhesives with Polyester Polyol from Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste. J Polym Environ 31, 3719–3739 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02836-8

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