SpringerLink
Log in

Exploitation of Natural and Recycled Biomass Resources to Get Eco-friendly Polymer

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymers and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently, substitution of primary resources by renewable alternatives is strongly concerned. With this stream, new environmental-friendly polyester is prepared using natural oleic acid and biomass resources, for the first time. A biomass (BM) waste mixture was subjected to liquification reaction with polyol, then the liquefied biomass (LBM) was reacted with natural oleic acid to get LBM-based polyester (PES-LBM). The exothermic properties showed longer period of curing that allows easier processing. PES-LBM has minimum emitted temperature during crosslinking, compared with other commercial types. FTIR emphasized liquification of biomass, and its reaction with oleic to form PES-LBM. XRD showed change in structure after reacting crystalline LBM with oleic acid getting polyester phase. The obtained PES-LBM polymer has improved thermal properties, due to thermal decomposition at higher temperatures with lower weight loss. DSC shows transitions of polyester segments. Furthermore, the hardness of PES-LBM is enhanced by 6.4% compared with the reference polymer taken. The characterization sentence approved the successful preparation of novel polyester with improved properties, as long as the environmental impact.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bassi S, Boldrin A, Frenna G, Astrup TF (2021) An environmental and economic assessment of bioplastic from urban biowaste. The example of polyhydroxyalkanoate. Bioresour Technol 327:124813

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Asim N, Badiei M, Torkashvand M, Mohammad M, Alghoul MA, Gasaymeh SS, Sopian K (2021) Wastes from the petroleum industries as sustainable resource materials in construction sectors: opportunities, limitations, and directions. J Clean Prod 284:125459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Atiwesh G, Mikhael A, Parrish CC, Banoub J, Le T-AT (2021) Environmental impact of bioplastic use: a review. Heliyon 7:e07918

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Evode N, Qamar SA, Bilal M, Barceló D, Iqbal HM (2021) Plastic waste and its management strategies for environmental sustainability. Case Stud Chem Environ Eng 4:100142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Makkam S, Harnnarongchai W (2014) Rheological and mechanical properties of recycled PET modified by reactive extrusion. Energy Procedia 56:547–553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sinha V, Patel MR, Patel JV (2010) PET waste management by chemical recycling: a review. J Polym Environ 18:8–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hou G, Yan Z, Sun J, Naguib HM, Lu B, Zhang Z (2021) Microstructure and mechanical properties of CO2-cured steel slag brick in pilot-scale. Constr Build Mater 271:121581

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hou G, Naguib HM, Chen S, Yao H, Lu B, Chen J (2019) Mechanisms and optimal reaction parameters of accelerated carbonization of calcium silicate. Kuei Suan Jen Hsueh Pao/J Chin Ceram Soc 47:1175–1180

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hou G, Chen J, Lu B, Chen S, Cui E, Naguib HM, Guo M-Z, Zhang Q (2020) Composition design and pilot study of an advanced energy-saving and low-carbon rankinite clinker. Cem Concr Res 127:105926

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Potluri R, Krishna NC (2020) Potential and applications of green composites in industrial space. Mater Today: Proc 22:2041–2048

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Murali B, Yogesh P, Karthickeyan NK, Chandramohan D (2022) Multi-potency of bast fibers (flax, hemp and jute) as composite materials and their mechanical properties: a review. Mater Today: Proc 62:1839–1843

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Goodman BA (2020) Utilization of waste straw and husks from rice production: a review. J Bioresour Bioprod 5:143–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Shi Y, Li J, Wang J, Zhao T, Yang H, Jiang J, Jiang X (2016) Kinetic and product composition study on the cellulose liquefaction in polyhydric alcohols. Bioresour Technol 214:419–425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Guo K, Guan Q, Xu J, Tan W (2019) Mechanism of preparation of patform compounds from lignocellulosic biomass liquefaction catalyzed by bronsted acid: a review. J Bioresour Bioprod 4:202–213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang H, Yang H, Guo H, Huang C, **ong L, Chen X (2014) Kinetic study on the liquefaction of wood and its three cell wall component in polyhydric alcohols. Appl Energy 113:1596–1600

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rhazi N, Hannache H, Oumam M, Sesbou A, Charrier B, Pizzi A, Charrier-El Bouhtoury F (2019) Green extraction process of tannins obtained from Moroccan Acacia mollissima barks by microwave: modeling and optimization of the process using the response surface methodology RSM. Arab J Chem 12:2668–2684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Huang H-J, Yuan X-Z (2015) Recent progress in the direct liquefaction of typical biomass. Prog Energy Combust Sci 49:59–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Jiang W, Kumar A, Adamopoulos S (2018) Liquefaction of lignocellulosic materials and its applications in wood adhesives—a review. Ind Crops Prod 124:325–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Naguib HM, Kandil UF, Hashem AI, Boghdadi YM (2015) Effect of fiber loading on the mechanical and physical properties of “green” bagasse–polyester composite. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 8:544–548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Naguib HM (2018) Environmental-friendly recycled Polyester/Mg(OH)2 nanocomposite: Fire-retardancy and thermal stability. Polym Test 72:308–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Vale M, Mateus MM, dos Santos RG, de Castro CN, de Schrijver A, Bordado JC, Marques AC (2019) Replacement of petroleum-derived diols by sustainable biopolyols in one component polyurethane foams. J Clean Prod 212:1036–1043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chen F, Lu Z (2009) Liquefaction of wheat straw and preparation of rigid polyurethane foam from the liquefaction products. J Appl Polym Sci 111:508–516

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Juhaida MF, Paridah MT, Hilmi MM, Sarani Z, Jalaluddin H, Zaki AR (2010) Liquefaction of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) core for wood laminating adhesive. Bioresour Technol 101:1355–1360

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Satyarthi JK, Chiranjeevi T, Gokak DT, Viswanathan PS (2013) An overview of catalytic conversion of vegetable oils/fats into middle distillates. Catal Sci Technol 3:70–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kerenkan AE, Béland F, Do TO (2016) Chemically catalyzed oxidative cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives into valuable products for industrial applications: a review and perspective. Catal Sci Technol 6:971–987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Deka B, Sharma R, Mandal A, Mahto V (2018) Synthesis and evaluation of oleic acid based polymeric additive as pour point depressant to improve flow properties of Indian waxy crude oil. J Pet Sci Eng 170:105–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Patel MR, Chitte PS, Bharambe DP (2017) Oleic acid based polymeric flow improvers for Langhnaj (North Gujarat, India) crude oil. Egypt J Pet 26:895–903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Pouya ZA, Tofighy MA, Mohammadi T (2021) Synthesis and characterization of polytetrafluoroethylene/oleic acid-functionalized carbon nanotubes composite membrane for water desalination by vacuum membrane distillation. Desalination 503:114931

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gan H, Hutchinson SA, Hurren C, Liu Q, Wang X, Long RL (2021) Effect of oleic purity on the chemical structure, thermal and rheological properties of bio-based polymers derived from high oleic cottonseed oil via RAFT polymerization. Ind Crops Prod 171:113882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Aritonang B, Tamrin, Wirjosentono B, Eddiyanto (2020) Effect of graft copolymerization of oleic acid on to cyclic natural rubber in polyamide. Case Stud Therm Eng 21:100690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Yahya MZ, Arof AK (2003) Effect of oleic acid plasticizer on chitosan–lithium acetate solid polymer electrolytes. Eur Polym J 39:897–902

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Smith AD, Smith RC, Tennyson AG (2020) Polymer cements by copolymerization of waste sulfur, oleic acid, and pozzolan cements. Sustain Chem Pharm 16:100249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Briones R, Serrano L, Labidi J (2012) Valorization of some lignocellulosic agro-industrial residues to obtain biopolyols. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 87:244–249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hu S, Wan C, Li Y (2012) Production and characterization of biopolyols and polyurethane foams from crude glycerol based liquefaction of soybean straw. Bioresour Technol 103:227–233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Junming X, Jianchun J, **g L (2012) Preparation of polyester polyols from unsaturated fatty acid. J Appl Polym Sci 126:1377–1384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Cabrales L, Calderon K, Hinojosa I, Valencia F, Abidi N (2016) Synthesis and characterization of polyesters derived from sebacic acid, hexanediol, and hydroquinone. Int J Polym Anal Charact 21:718–727

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Beheshty MH, Nasiri H, Vafayan M (2005) Gel time and exotherm behaviour studies of an unsaturated polyester resin initiated and promoted with dual systems. Iran Polym J 140:990–999

    Google Scholar 

  38. Shimkin AA (2016) Methods for the determination of the gel time of polymer resins and prepregs. Russ J Gen Chem 86:1488–1493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mangeon C, Renard E, Thevenieau F, Langlois V (2017) Networks based on biodegradable polyesters: an overview of the chemical ways of crosslinking. Mater Sci Eng C 80:760–770

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Atta AM, Elnagdy SI, Abdel-Raouf ME, Elsaeed SM, Abdel-Azim AA (2005) Compressive properties and curing behaviour of unsaturated polyester resins in the presence of vinyl ester resins derived from recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate). J Polym Res 12:373–383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Chen J-W, Chen L-W (1999) The glycolysis of poly (ethylene terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 73:35–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ferrer A, Alciaturi C, Faneite A, Rios J (2016) Analyses of biomass fibers by XRD, FT-IR, and NIR. In: Vaz JrS (ed) Analytical techniques and methods for biomass. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  43. Bal S, Behera RC (2006) Structural investigation of chemical treated polyester fibers using saxs and other techniques. J Min Mater Charact Eng 5:179–198

    Google Scholar 

  44. Naguib HM, Zhang XH (2018) Advanced recycled polyester based on PET and oleic acid. Polym Test 69:450–455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Naguib HM, Ahmed MA, Abo-Shanab ZL (2018) Silane coupling agent for enhanced epoxy-iron oxide nanocomposite. J Mater Res Technol 7:21–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Naguib HM, Ahmed MA, Abo-Shanab ZL (2019) Studying the loading impact of silane grafted Fe2O3 nanoparticles on mechanical characteristics of epoxy matrix. Egypt J Pet 28:27–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Abo-Shanab ZL, Ragab AA, Naguib HM (2021) Improved dynamic mechanical properties of sustainable bio-modified asphalt using agriculture waste. Int J Pavement Eng 22:905–911

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Mohamed MR, Naguib HM, El-Ghazawy RA, Shaker NO, Amer AA, Soliman AM, Kandil UF (2019) Surface activation of wood plastic composites (WPC) for enhanced adhesion with epoxy coating. Mater Perform Charact 8:22–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Alnajjar HM, Naguib HM, Shaker NO, Ahmed H, Farag AA, Kandil UF (2019) Enhancement of recycled WPC with epoxy nanocomposite coats. Egypt J Chem 62:555–563

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority - Call 10 / Young Researchers Grant (STDF-YRG) / STDF − 43171 to EPRI. The acknowledge for following programs and organizations is also involved: Science and Technology Plan Project of Jiangsu Province, “the Belt and Road” innovation cooperation project (BZ2020012), the Key Lab. for Advanced Technology in Environment Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China.

Funding

The authors have not disclosed any funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Petroleum Applications, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt

    Hamdy M. Naguib

  2. Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu Province, China

    Hamdy M. Naguib & Guihua Hou

Authors
  1. Hamdy M. Naguib
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Guihua Hou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

HMN: conceptualization, validation, writing, data curation, review & editing. GH: supervision, methodology, original draft, investigation, writing, final revision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hamdy M. Naguib.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Naguib, H.M., Hou, G. Exploitation of Natural and Recycled Biomass Resources to Get Eco-friendly Polymer. J Polym Environ 31, 533–540 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02631-x

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02631-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation