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Nicotinamide-Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dot as New Sensing Platform for Portable Quantification of Vitamin B12 in Fluorescence, UV–Vis and Smartphone Triple Mode

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Abstract

Development of an efficient, portable and simple nanosensor-based systems with reliable analytical performance for on-site monitoring of vitamin B12 (VB12) are still major problems and a challenging work for quality control of manufacturers. Herein, a new fluorescence, UV–Vis and smartphone triple mode nanosensors were designed for the simultaneous detection of VB12 with high sensitivity and accuracy. A novel nanosensor was synthesized through nicotinamide-functionalizing of carbon quantum dot (NA-CQDs) by an one-step microwave-assisted method with green approach. The NA-CQDs sensor showed excellent fluorescence properties and wide linear ranges from 0.1–60 µM with the detection limits of 31.7 nM. Moreover, color changes of NA-CQDs induced by the VB12 could also be detected by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and inhouse-developed application installed on smartphone as a signal reader, simultanusly. The Red, Green and Blue (RGB) intensities of the colorimetric images of NA-CQDs/VB12 system which taken by smartphone's camera converted into quantitative values by the application. A smartphone-integrated with NA-CQDs as colorimetric sensing platform displays good linear ranges (4.16 to 66.6 μM) for on-site determination of VB12 with detection limit of 1.40 μM. The method was successfully applied in the determination of VB12 in complex pharmaceutical supplement formulations without any sample pre-treatment and matrix interfering effects. The recovery results (96.52% to 105.10%) which were in agreement with the reference methods, demonstrating the capability of the smartphone-assisted colorimetric sensing platform in many on-site practical applications of quality controls.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, K. N, Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Sahar Dadkhah & Ali Jabbari

  2. Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Mehdinia & Ahmad Manbohi

Authors
  1. Sahar Dadkhah
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  2. Ali Mehdinia
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  3. Ali Jabbari
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  4. Ahmad Manbohi
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Contributions

SD designed and perfomed the experiments and analyzed the data, and also write the manuscript. AM designed the experiments, interpreted the data and edit the manuscript. AJ checked the data and manuscript. AM developed the spartphone application was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ali Mehdinia.

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Dadkhah, S., Mehdinia, A., Jabbari, A. et al. Nicotinamide-Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dot as New Sensing Platform for Portable Quantification of Vitamin B12 in Fluorescence, UV–Vis and Smartphone Triple Mode. J Fluoresc 32, 681–689 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02863-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02863-5

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