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Tuning the physical, structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of the zinc–aluminum phosphate network utilizing barium and lead ions

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Abstract

Zinc phosphate glasses with varying concentrations of barium and lead oxides were developed. The P–O bonds exhibited Q3 and Q2 mode vibrations. The glass density (Dexp) increased as the PbO content increased from 2.422 to 3.646 g/cm3 from 0 to 15% mol%. The absorption edge of the studied glasses shifted towards higher wavelengths, indicating structural changes due to the presence of both barium and lead ions. When lead was added to the host network with a ratio of 5% PbO (PbO5), the optical transmittance went up from 0.37 to 0.43 in the visible range. With the increase in PbO content (PbO = 15%; or free BaO), the optical transmittance decreased to 0.18. The optical band gap for free PbO glass decreased from 3.985 to 3.118 eV for free BaO glass, indicating the creation of non-bridging oxygens. The refractive index at 589 nm of the free PbO sample was 2.6, which decreased to 1.96 for the free BaO sample. The photoluminescence of the current glasses depends on the ratio of PbO content, and their intensity increases with increasing PbO content. All luminescence spectra lie in the cyan-blue region.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Origin Pro software 2023, and Avogadro software.

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Funding

This research work was funded by Institutional Fund Projects under Grant No. (IFPIP: 91-135-1443). The authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support provided by the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80204, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Essam Banoqitah, Fathi Djouider, Majdi Rashed Alnowaimi & Abdulsalam M. Alhawsawi

  2. Center for Training & Radiation Prevention, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80204, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Essam Banoqitah, Fathi Djouider, Majdi Rashed Alnowaimi & Abdulsalam M. Alhawsawi

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80204, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Essam B. Moustafa

  4. Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed H. Hammad

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  1. Essam Banoqitah
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Contributions

Essam Banoqitah, Fathi Djouider, and Majdi Rashed Alnowaimi: resources, conceptualization, writing—original draft, and software. Abdulsalam M. Alhawsawi and Essam B. Moustafa: resources, software, data curation, and formal analysis. Ahmed H. Hammad: writing—review, editing, visualization, and supervision.

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Correspondence to Ahmed H. Hammad.

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Banoqitah, E., Djouider, F., Alnowaimi, M.R. et al. Tuning the physical, structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of the zinc–aluminum phosphate network utilizing barium and lead ions. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 974 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12730-1

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