Abstract
Li-doped Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics were successfully prepared using a conventional solid-state method. As the Li content increases, the lattice constant gradually decreased and the grain size increased. The analysis of energy-dispersive spectrometer and elemental map** suggested that the grain boundaries are enriched with CuO. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant and loss exhibited a two-stage step-like decline. Three different dielectric characteristics were observed in the low-, mid-, and high-frequency ranges. In the mid-frequency range from 5 to 100 kHz, the dielectric constant was effectively improved by Li do**, and the dielectric loss gradually decreased with increasing Li do**. The complex impedances of all compositions present three distinct semi-arcs. Combined with the analysis of dielectric and impedance properties under DC bias, it was concluded that the dielectric responses of all Li-doped Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics at low, intermediate, and high frequencies originated from the electrode, grain boundary, and grain effects, respectively. The resistances of the different regions are calculated by impedance fitting. The study of the frequency dependence of dielectric properties, electric modulus, and impedance at various temperatures further verified the existence of electrode, grain boundary, and grain relaxations. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the increase in conductivity at high frequencies with increasing Li content was contributed to an jump of electrons between Cu+ and Cu2+.
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The datasets generated during and /or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 52202147, 11974275, and 52174151), the Shaanxi Province Key Joint Fund Project (No.2021JML-05), and the Shaanxi Province Key Science and Technology Innovation Team Project (Grant No. 2019TD-026).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by WJG, JXW, CXH, GLY, and TZ. The first draft of the manuscript was written by LHY and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Yang, L., Gao, W., Wang, J. et al. Electrical properties of Li-doped Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 2026 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11440-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11440-4