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Ergodic-nonergodic relaxor behavior, recoverable energy storage density, and dynamic hysteresis scaling in NKBT ferroelectrics

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Abstract

The present study examined the scaling behavior of the room temperature ferroelectric hysteresis and switching current curves for lead-free and eco-friendly K+1 rich NBT (Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3) -based compositions. The scaling behavior between the logarithms of the hysteresis area \(<A>\) and the logarithm of the amplitude (\({E}_{0}\)) of the field evolve in three regions for all the compositions. Three different stages have been described in detail with the amplitude of the electric field (E). The domain dynamic behavior in different regions has been revealed with the help of the power scaling law. Based on the shape, size, and value of the Polarization (P), switching current (I), and, Strain curve (S), the evolution of relaxor phases and domain switching mechanism were studied for the K+1—rich substituted NBT. The recoverable energy storage density (\({W}_{\mathrm{rec}}\)) of the material is also influenced by the shape of the P–E loop and analyzed by scaling of \({W}_{\mathrm{rec}}.\) Interestingly, three regions had been observed in the ln \({W}_{\mathrm{rec}}\mathrm{ vs ln}{E}_{0}\) graph for the pinched type P–E loop, whereas the graph showed linear relation for the slanted type of loop. Although all of the compositions in this study exhibited good \({W}_{\mathrm{rec}}\), the optimum \({W}_{\mathrm{rec}}\) was found to be 0.5 J/cm3 for NKBT-30, which showed a breakdown strength of 79 kV/cm. We also established a complete scenario for the NKBT series in terms of the evolution of relaxor nature based on the ferroelectric properties and their applications.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

Change history

  • 23 April 2023

    The original article was updated due to Table 1 was placed wrongly, and not near to its citation

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Acknowledgements

Author SA acknowledges the UGC-DAE (CRS/2021-22/03/553), and SERB (CRG/2020/001509), India to carry out this work. Author RS acknowledges the Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD), Government of India, for providing financial assistance.

Funding

Funding was provided by SERB (CRG/ 2020/001509), UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Grants Commission (CRS/2021-22/03/553).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502284, India

    Ranjan Kumar Sahu, Krishnarjun Banerjee & Saket Asthana

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  1. Ranjan Kumar Sahu
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  2. Krishnarjun Banerjee
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  3. Saket Asthana
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RKS: synthesis, investigation, formal analysis, writing original draft; KB: visualization, writing review and editing; SA: supervision, resource, project administrator.

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Correspondence to Saket Asthana.

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Sahu, R.K., Banerjee, K. & Asthana, S. Ergodic-nonergodic relaxor behavior, recoverable energy storage density, and dynamic hysteresis scaling in NKBT ferroelectrics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 972 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10430-w

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