Abstract
Microwave dielectric materials with low permittivity and high quality factor are the cornerstone of high-speed data transmission. This paper prepared a new low-permittivity microwave dielectric ceramic Sr3MgSi2O8 ( SMS) by a solid-state reaction method. SMS ceramics belonged to the monoclinic system ( space group: P21/a) at 1375 °C ~ 1475 °C, accompanied by the formation of small amount of Sr2SiO4 second phase ( space group: P21/n). SMS ceramics has the lowest dam** at 1450 °C. With the increase in sintering temperature, the relative density of ceramics increases firstly and then decreases, reaching the maximum value (95.82%) at 1450 °C. The SMS ceramics sintered at 1450 °C for 4 h have the best microwave dielectric properties of εr = 11.06, Q × f = 25,375 GHz, and τf = − 57.41 ppm/°C.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10854-022-09310-6/MediaObjects/10854_2022_9310_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10854-022-09310-6/MediaObjects/10854_2022_9310_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10854-022-09310-6/MediaObjects/10854_2022_9310_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10854-022-09310-6/MediaObjects/10854_2022_9310_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10854-022-09310-6/MediaObjects/10854_2022_9310_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10854-022-09310-6/MediaObjects/10854_2022_9310_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10854-022-09310-6/MediaObjects/10854_2022_9310_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10854-022-09310-6/MediaObjects/10854_2022_9310_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10854-022-09310-6/MediaObjects/10854_2022_9310_Fig9_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
References
F. Huang, H. Su, Y. Li, H. Zhang, X. Tang, Low-temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of CaMg1−xLi2xSi2O6 (x = 0–0.3) ceramics. J. Adv. Ceram. 9(4), 471–480 (2020)
C. Li, H. **ang, M. Xu, J. Khaliq, J. Chen, L. Fang, Low-firing and temperature stable microwave dielectric ceramics: Ba2LnV3O11(Ln = Nd, Sm). J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 101(2), 773–781 (2018)
X. Zhou, K. Wang, S. Hu, X. Luan, S. He, X. Wang, S. Zhou, X. Chen, H. Zhou, Preparation, structure and microwave dielectric properties of novel La2MgGeO6 ceramics with hexagonal structure and adjustment of its τ value. Ceram. Int. 47(6), 7783–7789 (2021)
Y. Wang, Y. Tang, J. Li, W. Fang, S. Shen, F. Li, L. Duan, M. Qin, L. Fang, Microwave dielectric properties of silico-carnotite Ca3M2Si3O12 (M= Yb, Y) ceramics synthesized via high energy ball milling. Ceram. Int. 47(4), 4831–4837 (2021)
X. Zhou, L. Liu, J. Sun, N. Zhang, H. Sun, H. Wu, W. Tao, Effects of (Mg1/3Sb2/3)4+ substitution on the structure and microwave dielectric properties of Ce2Zr3(MoO4)9 ceramics. J. Adv. Ceram. 10(4), 778–789 (2021)
K. Wang, H. Zhou, X. Luan, S. Hu, X. Zhou, S. He, X. Wang, S. Zhou, X. Chen, NaTaO3 microwave dielectric ceramic a with high relative permittivity and as an excellent compensator for the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency. Ceram. Int. 47(1), 121–129 (2021)
K. Wang, H. Zhou, X. Luan, S. Hu, X. Zhou, J. Deng, S. Li, Microwave dielectric properties of LiSmTa4O12 ceramics with A-site deficient perovskite structure. Mater. Lett. 274, 128020 (2020)
X. Zhou, H. Zhou, S. Hu, X. Luan, J. Deng, C. Lu, S. Li, K. Wang, X. Chen, Sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of low-permittivity SrMgSi2O6 ceramic. J. Electron. Mater. 49(10), 5989–5993 (2020)
M. **ao, Y. Wei, P. Zhang, The effect of sintering temperature on the crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of CaCoSi2O6 ceramic. Mater. Chem. Phys. 225, 99–104 (2019)
N.G.-L. Pan Wen, W.A.N.G. **g-Hui, L.I.N. Yuan, A novel synthesis of alkaline earth silicate phosphor Sr3MgSi2O8:Eu2+, Dy3+. Chinese J. Chem. 25(5), 605–608 (2007)
H.W. Tseng, H.Y. Tu, Q.H. Yang, C.F. Yang, Effects of composition variations on the crystalline phases and photoluminescence properties of Ca2+x MgSi2Eu0025O7+x phosphors. ACS Omega 7(5), 3917–3924 (2022)
M. **ao, Y. Wei, P. Zhang, The correlations between complex chemical bond theory and microwave dielectric properties of Ca2MgSi2O7 ceramics. J. Electron. Mater. 48(3), 1652–1659 (2019)
M. **ao, Y. Wei, H. Sun, J. Lou, P. Zhang, Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of low-permittivity Sr2MgSi2O7 ceramic. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 29(23), 20339–20346 (2018)
K.C. Feng, C.-Y. Lin, C.C. Chou, L.-W. Chu, Effect of particle size on crystallization and microwave dielectric characteristics of CaMgSi2O6 glass-ceramics. Ferroelectrics 435(1), 91–97 (2012)
H. Sun, Q. Zhang, H. Yang, J. Zou, (Ca1−xMgx) SiO3: A low-permittivity microwave dielectric ceramic system. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 138(1), 46–50 (2007)
A.S.B.M.E. Huntelaar, E.H.P. Cordfunke, R.R. van der Laan, The thermodynamic properties of Sr3MgSi2O8 from T=(0 to 1500) K. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 30(5), 671–683 (2000)
W. Pan, G. Ning, Synthesis and luminescence properties of Sr3MgSi2O8:Eu2+, Dy3+ by a novel silica-nanocoating method. Sens. Actuator A Phys. 139(1–2), 318–322 (2007)
B. Wang, Y. Liu, Z. Huang, M. Fang, Photoluminescence properties of a Ce3+ doped Sr3MgSi2O8 phosphor with good thermal stability. RSC Adv. 8(28), 15587–15594 (2018)
Y. Gong, Y. Wang, X. Xu, Y. Li, S. **n, L. Shi, The persistent energy transfer of Eu2+ and Mn2+ and the thermoluminescence properties of long-lasting phosphor Sr3MgSi2O8:Eu2+, Mn2+, Dy3+. Opt. Mater. 33(11), 1781–1785 (2011)
X. Chen, Q. Shu, J. He, Luminescent properties and energy transfer mechanism from Tb3+ to Eu3+ in single-phase color-adjustable Sr3MgSi2O8:Eu3+, Tb3+ phosphor prepared by the sol-gel method. J. Alloys Compd. 891, 161878 (2022)
K.J. Choi, J.K. Park, C.H. Kim, H.D. Park, H.K. Kim, Luminescence characteristics of Sr3MgSi2O8: Eu blue phosphor for light-emitting diodes. Electrochem. Solid-State. Lett. 7(10), H42–H43 (2004)
M. Zhang, T. Song, X. Zhang, Investigations of crystal structures and the electronic structure changes of Sr3MgSi2O8-Sr3MgSi2O8−δ systems by first-principles calculation. Chem. Phys. Lett. 712, 54–59 (2018)
P. Dewangan, D.P. Bisen, N. Brahme, S. Sharma, R.K. Tamrakar, I.P. Sahu, Investigation of structural and thermal response of Sm3+ doped Sr3MgSi2O8 phosphors. Opt. Quantum Electron. 52(10), 441 (2020)
P. Dewangan, D.P. Bisen, N. Brahme, S. Sharma, R.K. Tamrakar, I.P. Sahu, K. Upadhyay, Influence of Dy3+ concentration on spectroscopic behaviour of Sr3MgSi2O8:Dy3+ phosphors. J. Alloys Compd. 816, 152590 (2020)
P. Dewangan, D.P. Bisen, N. Brahme, R.K. Tamrakar, S. Sharma, K. Upadhyay, Growth and synthesis of Sr3MgSi2O8:Dy3+ nanorod arrays by a solid state reaction method. Opt. Quantum Electron. 50(10), 1–7 (2018)
H. Yu, W. Zi, S. Lan, S. Gan, H. Zou, X. Xu, G. Hong, Green light emission by Ce3+ and Tb3+ co-doped Sr3MgSi2O8 phosphors for potential application in ultraviolet whitelight-emitting diodes. Opt. Laser Technol. 44(7), 2306–2311 (2012)
M. Zhang, T. Song, X. Zhang, First-principles calculation of influence of nitrogen substituting for oxygen on the crystal structures and electronic band structures of Sr3MgSi2O8-σNσ. Comput. Mater. Sci. 163, 256–261 (2019)
M. Zhang, T. Song, H. Zhu, X. Zhang, First principles calculation of enhanced absorptions of Sr3MgSi2O8-δSδ in UV region induced by sulfide ions substituting for oxygen ions. Theor. Chem. Acc. 140(5), 56 (2021)
A.A. Sabbagh Alvani, F. Moztarzadeh, A.A. Sarabi, Effects of dopant concentrations on phosphorescence properties of Eu/Dy-doped Sr3MgSi2O8. J. Lumin. 114(2), 131–136 (2005)
P. Thiyagarajan, M.S. Ramachandra Rao, Cool white light emission on Ca3MgSi2O8: Ce3+, Eu2+ phosphors and analysis of energy transfer mechanism. Appl. Phys. A. 99(4), 947–953 (2010)
H.B. Bafrooei, B. Liu, W. Su, K.X. Song, Ca3MgSi2O8: Novel low-permittivity microwave dielectric ceramics for 5G application. Mater. Lett. 263, 127248 (2020)
G.J. Talwar, C.P. Joshi, S.V. Moharil, S.M. Dhopte, P.L. Muthal, V.K. Kondawar, Combustion synthesis of Sr3MgSi2O8:Eu2+ and Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphors. J. Lumin. 129(11), 1239–1241 (2009)
B. Liu, Y.H. Huang, K.X. Song, L. Li, X.M. Chen, Structural evolution and microwave dielectric properties in Sr2(Ti1-xSnx)O4 ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38(11), 3833–3839 (2018)
G. Wang, Q. Fu, L. Zha, M. Hu, J. Huang, Z. Zheng, W. Luo, Microwave dielectric characteristics of tungsten bronze-type Ba4Nd28/3Ti18-yGa4y/3O54 ceramics with temperature stable and ultra-low loss. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 42(1), 154–161 (2022)
Z.Q. Yuan, B. Liu, X.Q. Liu, X.M. Chen, Structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of Sr(La1−xSmx)2Al2O7 ceramics. RSC Adv. 6(98), 96229–96236 (2016)
P. Zhang, Y. Zhao, W. Haitao, Bond ionicity, lattice energy, bond energy and microwave dielectric properties of ZnZr(Nb1-xAx)2O8 (A = Ta, Sb) ceramics. Dalton. Trans. 44(38), 16684–16693 (2015)
A.M. Heyns, P.M. Harden, The temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of chromium-doped titanite CaTiOSiO4. J. Raman. Spectrosc. 44(11), 1615–1624 (2013)
P.M.H. Anton, M. Heyns, L.C. Prinsloo, Resonance Raman study of the high-pressure phase transition in chromium-doped titanite, CaTiOSiO4. J. Raman. Spectrosc. 31, 837–841 (2000)
S. Bastians, G. Crump, W.P. Griffith, R. Withnall, Raspite and studtite: Raman spectra of two unique minerals. J. Raman. Spectrosc. 35(89), 726–731 (2004)
V.S.T.C.A. Diasa, F.M. Matinaga, R.L. Moreira, Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction investigations on hydrothermal barium magnesium niobate ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 21(2001), 2739–2744 (2001)
M. Tribaudino, I. Aliatis, D. Bersani, G.D. Gatta, E. Lambruschi, L. Mantovani, G. Redhammer, P.P. Lottici, High-pressure Raman spectroscopy of Ca(Mg, Co)Si2O6 and Ca(Mg, Co)Ge2O6 clinopyroxenes. J. Raman Spectrosc. 48(11), 1443–1448 (2017)
Y. Yonezaki, Structural influence on photochromic behaviors of Eu2+ -doped glaserite-type silicates. J. Lumin. 195, 408–412 (2018)
M.G. Zuev, A.M. Кarpov, A.S. Shkvarin, Synthesis and spectral characteristics of Sr2Y8(SiO4)6O2: Eu polycrystals. J. Solid State Chem. 184(1), 52–58 (2011)
N.M. Khaidukov, M. Kirm, E. Feldbach, H. Mägi, V. Nagirnyi, E. Tõldsepp, S. Vielhauer, T. Jüstel, T. Jansen, V.N. Makhov, Luminescence properties of silicate apatite phosphors M2La8Si6O26: Eu (M = Mg, Ca, Sr). J. Lumin. 191, 51–55 (2017)
Y. Cao, L. Zhang, H. Mei, Z. Rao, T. Tian, C. Li, Crystal structure, phonon characteristics, and dielectric properties of CaMgGe2O6: a novel diopside microwave dielectric ceramic. Ceram. Int. 48(6), 8783–8788 (2022)
C. Yin, Y. Tang, J. Chen, F. Li, Y. Huang, C. Li, X. **ng, L. Fang, Two low-permittivity melilite ceramics in the SrO-MO-GeO2 (M = Mg, Zn) system and their temperature stability through compositional modifications. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 40(4), 1186–1190 (2020)
R.D. Shannon, Dielectric polarizabilities of ions in oxides and fluorides. J. Appl. Phys. 73(1), 348–366 (1993)
S.Z. Hao, D. Zhou, C. Du, L.X. Pang, C. Singh, S. Trukhanov, A. Trukhanov, A.S.B. Sombra, J. Varghese, Q. Li, X.Q. Zhang, Temperature-stable x(Na0.5Bi0.5)MoO4-(1–x)MoO3 composite ceramics with ultralow sintering temperatures and low dielectric loss for dielectric resonator antenna applications. ACS Appl. Electron. 3(5), 2286–2296 (2021)
S.D. Ramarao, V.R.K. Murthy, Crystal structure refinement and microwave dielectric properties of new low dielectric loss AZrNb2O8 (A: Mn, Zn, Mg and Co) ceramics. Scr. Mater. 69(3), 274–277 (2013)
Y. Lai, X. Tang, X. Huang, H. Zhang, X. Liang, J. Li, H. Su, Phase composition, crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of Mg2-xCuxSiO4 ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38(4), 1508–1516 (2018)
M. O’Keeffe, N.E. Brese, Bond-valence parameters for solids. Acta Cryst. B47, 192–197 (1991)
W. Yu, J. Lv, F. Shi, K. Song, W. Lei, H. Zhou, Z.-M. Qi, J. Wang, Lattice vibrational characteristics, crystal structure, and dielectric properties of single-phase Sr(Mg1/2Mo1/2)O3 microwave dielectric ceramic. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 32(13), 17191–17199 (2021)
Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. **ang, Crystal structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of Zr-substituted CoTiNb2O8 ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 36(8), 1945–1951 (2016)
Y. Zhao, P. Zhang, Preparation for ultra-low loss dielectric ceramics of ZnZrNb2O8 by reaction-sintering process. J. Alloys Compd. 672, 630–635 (2016)
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61761015), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi (Nos. 2017GXNSFFA198011, 2018GXNSFFA050001), and the High-Level Innovation Team and Outstanding Scholar Program of Guangxi Institute.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by YH, XW, GH HZ, and YW. The first draft of the manuscript was written by YH and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
He, Y., Wei, X., He, G. et al. Sintering behavior, phase composition, microstructure, and dielectric properties of low-permittivity alkaline earth silicate Sr3MgSi2O8 ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 26263–26275 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09310-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09310-6