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The heterojunction effect of Pd on TiO2 for visible light photocatalytic hydrogen generation via water splitting reaction and photodecolorization of trypan blue dye

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Abstract

In this work, we reported synthesis of Pd/TiO2 NPs at 130 °C in 1 day using an ionic liquid assisted hydrothermal method using methoxyethyl methyl imidazolium methanesulfonate as the ionic liquid, Titanium (IV) isopropoxide and Palladium nitrate as precursors. Physico-chemical properties of the obtained photocatalysts were investigated via thorough characterizations. The framework substitution of Pd in TiO2 NPs was established by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image results confirmed the anatase phase and nanocrystalline nature of Pd/TiO2. The optical properties revealed an extended tailing of the absorption edge toward the visible region upon Pd heterojunction. The concentration of Pd in the TiO2 matrix has been fine-tuned to improve the hydrogen production, and Photodecolorization of trypan blue dye. The synergy between the Pd and TiO2 has an optimum for concentration of 0.3 wt% Pd doped TiO2. The optimized product has produced promising hydrogen evolution of 1250 µmol g−1 under illumination with a visible light source in a water/ethanol system. The optimized product has shown promising photocatalytic detoxification ability of the material towards trypan blue dye was explored.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors, Dr. T.N. Ravishankar wishes to acknowledge Dr. Sherdil Khan for his valuable suggestions, CNPq-TWAS, Brazil, for financial support and Laboratory of Thin Films and Nanostructure Fabrication (L3F nano), Institute of Physics, UFRGS, Brazil for research facilities. Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India for encouragement and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Global Academy of Technology, Rajarajeshwarinagar, (off Mysore Road), Ideal Homes Township, Bangalore, 560098, Karnataka, India

    T. N. Ravishankar

  2. Laboratory of Thin Films and Nanostructure Fabrication (L3F nano), Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Goncalves 9500, P.O. Box 15051, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil

    T. N. Ravishankar, Mauricio de O. Vaz & Sergio R. Teixeira

  3. Department of Chemistry, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Avalahalli, Doddaballapura Main road, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India

    T. Ramakrishnappa

  4. Department of Sustainable Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    J. Dupont

  5. Technology Mission Division, Department of Science and Technology (DST), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, Technology Bhavan, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Ranjith Krishna Pai

  6. Department of Chemistry, SJB Institute of Technology, Dr. Vishnuvardhan road, Kengeri, Banaglore, 560060, India

    G. Banuprakash

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  1. T. N. Ravishankar
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  2. Mauricio de O. Vaz
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  4. Sergio R. Teixeira
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Correspondence to T. N. Ravishankar.

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Ravishankar, T.N., de O. Vaz, M., Ramakrishnappa, T. et al. The heterojunction effect of Pd on TiO2 for visible light photocatalytic hydrogen generation via water splitting reaction and photodecolorization of trypan blue dye. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29, 11132–11143 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9197-7

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