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Multi-step fabrication of bioactive Mg–Zn–Dy–AlO3/HA composites: exploring the synergistic effects of plasma spray and friction stir processing

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Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) alloys are gaining more attention in recent times as biodegradable materials. However, two major problems with Mg alloy implants are bacterial infections and poor corrosion resistance. In this context, a composite surface (Mg–Zn–Dy–Al2O3/HA) is developed using surface modification techniques. First, Al2O3 + HA composite powder is coated on Mg–Zn–Dy alloy to attain coated surface (C-AHa). Next, the C-AHa surface is subjected to friction stir processing to develop composite surface (F-AHa). Microstructural characterization reveals that, the Al2O3 + HA particles were distributed evenly into the Mg–Zn–Dy substrate. Antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reveal low adhesion of bacteria on the F-AHa sample surface due to low surface energy (37.83 ± 0.22 mN/m) and low surface roughness (0.36 ± 0.1 µm). Further, the cytotoxicity tests confirm that the F-AHa sample shows significant improvement in cell viability (98%) after 7 days and non-toxic against the mouse osteoblast cells. In Vitro corrosion study observations demonstrate that the corrosion rate for the F-AHa sample is decreased by 72% compared to the C-AHa sample. Thus, the results of this study for the fabricated composites are promising for antimicrobial, biocompatible and bioabsorbable temporary implants.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Central Research Facility (CRF), National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, for providing access to microhardness, electrochemical corrosion testing, profilometer, FESEM and XRD facilities respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, 575025, India

    Uzwalkiran Rokkala, Srikanth Bontha & M. R. Ramesh

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem, 533437, India

    Uzwalkiran Rokkala

  3. Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Vamsi Krishna Balla

Authors
  1. Uzwalkiran Rokkala
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  2. Srikanth Bontha
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  3. M. R. Ramesh
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  4. Vamsi Krishna Balla
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Contributions

Uzwalkiran Rokkala contributed to conceptualization, methodology, validation, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, visualization, formal analysis. Srikanth Bontha and M.R. Ramesh helped in supervision, resources, conceptualization, methodology, writing—review and editing, project administration. Vamsi Krishna Balla done supervision, conceptualization, methodology, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Uzwalkiran Rokkala.

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Rokkala, U., Bontha, S., Ramesh, M.R. et al. Multi-step fabrication of bioactive Mg–Zn–Dy–AlO3/HA composites: exploring the synergistic effects of plasma spray and friction stir processing. J Mater Sci 59, 10998–11014 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-024-09830-y

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