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The Intergenerational Association Between Parents’ Problem Gambling and Impulsivity-Hyperactivity/Inattention Behaviors in Children

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Abstract

Despite the well-established association between problem gambling and ADHD core categories of impulsivity-hyperactivity and inattention, the link between parents’ problem gambling and impulsivity-hyperactivity/inattention (IH/I) behaviors in children has not been investigated. This study investigated the association between parents’ problem gambling and children’s IH/I behaviors while controlling for potential confounding variables. A population-based prospective cohort followed-up from kindergarten to age 30, the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (QLSKC), provided data over three generations. Among 1358 participants at age 30, parents with a child aged 1 year or older (N = 468; Mean age = 4.65 years; SD = 2.70) were selected. Generalized Linear Models included measures of grandparents’ and parents’ problem gambling, parents’ IH/I behaviors in childhood, and a host of risk factors and comorbidities to predict IH/I in children. Intergenerational bivariate associations were observed between grandparents’ problem gambling, parents’ IH/I in childhood and problem gambling at age 30, and between parents’ IH/I, problem gambling, and children’s IH/I behaviors. Parents’ problem gambling predicted children’s IH/I behaviors above and beyond the effects of covariates such as family and socioeconomic characteristics, alcohol and drug use, depression symptoms and parents’ gambling involvement. Parents’ IH/I behaviors in childhood also predicted children’s IH/I and had a moderating, enhancing effect on parents’ problem gambling association with their offspring’s IH/I behaviors. Problem gambling is a characteristic of parents’ mental health that is distinctively associated with children’s IH/I behaviors, above and beyond parents’ own history of IH/I and of typically related addictive, psychopathological or socioeconomic risk factors and comorbidities.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Quebec Government Ministry of Health, the Fond Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Societe et la Culture, Canada’s Social Science and Humanities Research Council, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research St-Justine Hospital’s Research Center, and the University of Montreal for financial support.

We thank the families and teachers of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (QLSKC) for their collaboration to this project, and the staff of the Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment for data collection and management.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, 3050 Edouard-Montpetit, suite 225, Montréal, QC, H3T1J7, Canada

    Rene Carbonneau & Richard E. Tremblay

  2. Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Rene Carbonneau, Frank Vitaro, Mara Brendgen & Richard E. Tremblay

  3. Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Rene Carbonneau, Frank Vitaro, Mara Brendgen & Richard E. Tremblay

  4. School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Frank Vitaro

  5. Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Mara Brendgen

  6. Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Richard E. Tremblay

  7. School of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

    Richard E. Tremblay

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  1. Rene Carbonneau
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Correspondence to Rene Carbonneau.

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Institutional Review Boards of the University of Montreal and Ste-Justine Hospital provided ethical approval. Therefore this study has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

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Informed consent has been appropriately obtained from all participants included in the study (grandparents and parents for their own participation and for consent/permission for children’s participation).

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Carbonneau, R., Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M. et al. The Intergenerational Association Between Parents’ Problem Gambling and Impulsivity-Hyperactivity/Inattention Behaviors in Children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 46, 1203–1215 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0362-x

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