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Protective effects of ginsenosides on ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis and systematic review to reveal the mechanisms of action

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Abstract

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon. Ginsenoside may be an ideal agent for UC treatment. However, its efficacy and safety are unknown. We aim to conduct a systematic evaluation to assess the effects and potential mechanisms of ginsenosides in animal models of UC.

Methods

Six electronic databases will be searched (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (CQVIP), and Wanfang Data Knowledge). SYRCLE list will be used to assess the quality of literature, and STATA 15.1 for data analysis. Time-dose effects analysis will be used to reveal the time-dosage response relations between ginsenosides and UC.

Results

Ultimately, fifteen studies involving 300 animals were included. Preliminary evidence was shown that ginsenosides could reduce Disease Activity Index (DAI) scores, weight loss, histological colitis score (HCS), spleen weight, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and increase colon length (CL), myeloperoxidase (GSH), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 10 (IL-10), Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Results of time-dose interval analysis indicated that ginsenosides at a dosage of 5–200 mg/kg with an intervention time of 7–28 days were relatively effective.

Conclusions

Preclinical evidence suggests that ginsenoside is a novel treatment for UC. And the mechanisms of ginsenosides in treating UC may involve anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, barrier protection, intestinal flora regulation, and immune regulation. Although, due to the high heterogeneity, further large-scale and high-quality preclinical studies are needed to examine the protection of ginsenosides against UC.

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Availability of data and materials

The raw data used in the study are included in the article and further inquiries can be made by contacting the first author or corresponding author.

Abbreviations

UC:

Ulcerative colitis

BWC:

Body weight change

CL:

Colon length

HCS:

Histological colitis score

DAI:

Disease activity index

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1β

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor α

IL-4:

Interleukin 4

IL-10:

Interleukin 10

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

GSH:

Glutathione

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

ZO-1:

Zonula occludens-1

AHR:

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Trp:

Tryptophan

IFN-γ:

Interferon-γ

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TJ:

Tight junction

PD-1:

Programmed cell death 1

PD-L1:

Programmed cell death ligand 1

SD:

Standard deviation

SEM:

Standard error

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-beta

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

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Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 23PY12), the National Natural Science Foundation of China Preliminary Research Program (Grant No. 23YY12), the Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Youth Base Advanced Talent Special Program (QJJJ2023003) and the Research and Innovation Practice Program for Graduate Students of the Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2023) (Grant No. 2023KCY11).

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  1. Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China

    Lingling Yuan, Wei Li, Shuangyuan Hu, Yingyi Wang, Shaofeng Wang, Huai’e Tian, Xuhui Sun, Xuli Yang, Mengyun Hu & Yi Zhang

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  1. Lingling Yuan
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Lingling Yuan and Shuangyuan Hu contributed to the manuscript drafting. Wei Li and Mengyun Hu formulated the search strategy and searched the databases. Yingyi Wang and Huai’e Tian screened the articles and extracted the data. Shaofeng Wang, Xuhui Sun and Xuli Yang interpreted the data, and processed the pictures and tables in the manuscript. Yi Zhang designed the research and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yi Zhang.

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Yuan, L., Li, W., Hu, S. et al. Protective effects of ginsenosides on ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis and systematic review to reveal the mechanisms of action. Inflammopharmacol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-024-01516-w

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