Abstract
Based on blockchain and quantum signature, a novel E-payment protocol is proposed in this paper. Our E-payment protocol could protect user’s anonymity as the traditional E-payment systems do, and also have unconditional security which the classical E-payment systems can not provide. Our scheme adopt the techniques of blockchain, quantum key distribution, one-time pad and quantum proxy blind signature. Furthermore, compared with the existing quantum E-payment systems, the blockchain technology is introduced to make our scheme more secure.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10773-019-04024-8/MediaObjects/10773_2019_4024_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10773-019-04024-8/MediaObjects/10773_2019_4024_Fig2_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chaum, D.: Blind signature for untraceable payments. Advances in cryptology. In: Proceeding of Crypto82, pp. 199–203. Springer, New York (1983)
Chaum, D., Heyst, E.: Group Signatures, Advances in Cryptology-Eurocrypt91. LNCS 547, vol. 257–265. Springer, Berlin (1991)
Maitland, G., Boyd, C.: Fair Electronic Cash Based on a Group Signature Scheme, ICICS 2001, LNCS 2229, vol. 461–465. Springer, Berlin (2001)
Canard, S., Traor, J.: On fair E-Cash Systems Based on Group Signature Schemes, ACISP 2003, LNCS 2727, pp. 237–248. Springer, Berlin (2003)
Traor, J.: Group Signatures and Their Relevance to Privacy-Protecting Offline Electronic Cash Systems, ACISP99 LNCS 1587, pp. 228–243. Springer, Berlin (1999)
Qiu, W., Chen, K., Gu, D.: A New Off-Line Privacy Protecting E-Cash System with Revocable Anonymity, ISC 2002, LNCS 2433, pp. 177–190. Springer, Berlin (2002)
Wen, X.J., Nie, Z.: An E-payment system based on quantum blind and group signature. Phys. Scr. 82(6), 5468–5478 (2010)
Wen, X.J., Chen, Y.Z., Fang, J.B.: An inter-bank E-payment protocol based on quantum proxy blind signature. Quantum. Inf. Process. 12(1), 549–558 (2013)
Cai, X.Q., Wei, C.Y.: Cryptanalysis of an inter-bank E-payment protocol based on quantum proxy blind signature. Quantum. Inf. Process. 12(4), 1651–1657 (2013)
Zhou, R.G., Wei, L., et al.: An online banking system based on quntum cryptography communication. Int. J. Thero. Phys. 53, 2177–2190 (2014)
Shao, Q.F., **, C.Q., Zhang, Z., et al.: Blockchain: architecture and research progress. Chinese J. Comput. 40(157). http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1826 (2017)
Shao, A.X., Zhang, J.Z., **e, S.C.: An E-payment protocol based on quantum multi-proxy blind signature. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56(4), 1241–1248 (2017)
Zhang, J.Z., Yang, Y.Y., **e, S.C.: A third-party E-payment protocol based on quantum group blind signature. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56(9), 2981–2989 (2017)
Mambo, M., Usuda, K., Okamoto, E.: Proxy signatures for delegating signing operation. In: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 48–57. New Delhi (1996)
Wang, T.Y., Wei, Z.L.: One-time proxy signature based on quantum cryptography. Quantum. Inf. Process. 11(2), 455–463 (2012)
Cao, H.J., Zhang, J.F., Liu, J., Li, Z.Y.: A new quantum proxy multi-signature scheme using maximally entangled seven-qubit entangled seven-qubit states. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55(2), 774–780 (2016)
Guo, W., Zhang, J.Z., Li, Y.P., et al.: Multi-proxy strong blind quantum signature scheme. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55(8), 3524–3536 (2016)
Zhang, J.L., Zhang, J.Z., **e, S.C.: Improvement of a quantum proxy blind signature scheme[J]. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57(6), 1612–1621 (2018)
Tian, J.H., Zhang, J.Z., Li, Y.P.: A quantum multi-proxy blind signature scheme based on genuine four-qubit entangled state. Int. J. Theor. Phys. pp. 809–816 (2015)
Cao, H.J., Wang, H.S., Li, P.F.: Quantum proxy multi-signature scheme using genuinely entangled six-qubits state. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 52(4), 1188–1193 (2013)
Zhu, H.P.: Quantum state sharing of an arbitrary single-Atom state by using a genuine six-atom entangled state in cavity QED. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 52(5), 1588–1592 (2013)
Yuan, Y., Wang, F.Y.: Blockchain: the state of the art and future trends. Acta Automatica Sinica. 42(4), 481–494 (2016)
Shor, P.W., Preskill, J.: Simple proof of security of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(2), 441–444 (2000)
Mayers, D.: Unconditional security in quantum cryptography. J. Assoc.: Comput. Math. 48(1), 351–406 (2001)
Inamon, H., Lutkenhaus, N., Mayers, D.: Unconditional security of practical quantum key distribution. Eur. Phys. J. D 41(3), 599–627 (2007)
Deng, F.G., Long, G.L., et al.: Two-step quantum direct communication using the Einstein-podolsky-Rosen pair block. Phys. Rev. A 68, 042317 (2003)
Deng, F.G., Long, G.L.: Secure direct communication with a quantum one-time pad. Phys. Rev. A 052319, 69 (2004)
Cai, Q.Y., Li, B.W.: Deterministic secure communication without using entanglement. Chin. Lett. 21, 601–603 (2004)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. U1304614, U1204703), Henan Province Education Science Plan General Topic “Research on Trusted Degree Certification Based on Block-chain” (Grant No.(2018)-JKGHYB-0279), Zhengzhou Innovative Science and Technology Talent Team Construction Project Fund Project(Grant No.131PCXTD597), Henan Science and Technology Project(Grant No.162102310238).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, JL., Hu, MS., Jia, ZJ. et al. A Novel E-payment Protocol Implented by Blockchain and Quantum Signature. Int J Theor Phys 58, 1315–1325 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-019-04024-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-019-04024-8