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Unexpected coexistence of a native and an invasive macrophyte: a functional versus environmental niche perspective

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Abstract

In this study, we aimed at investigating the mechanisms underlying the coexistence of a native and an invasive macrophyte (Egeria najas and Hydrilla verticillata), by analyzing the overlap and breadth of their functional and environmental niches in the Upper Paraná River basin (Brazil). We adopted a probabilistic hypervolume approach using relative niche size and uniqueness as metrics of niche breadth and divergence. We compared the two species niches and the variance within each species’ populations when occurring in monospecific stands or in mixed growth conditions. We found that the two species have partially different functional niches and they both expand their functional niche when co-occurring, revealing increased traits variability. This suggests that both species have a different and higher ability to exploit available resources when co-occurring with each other, which might explain their coexistence. However, H. verticillata was not greatly affected by the presence of E. najas since it does not show any environmental niche shift in its presence; nonetheless the latter species is still able to thrive given its more generalist behavior in terms of environmental conditions. Our results suggest that coexistence between the investigated native and invasive species is facilitated more profoundly by functional rather than environmental adaptations.

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Data availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information file. Should any raw data files be needed in another format they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

FM Florêncio and RP Leal acknowledge the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for providing doctoral scholarships. ADV has benefited from the equipment and framework of the COMP-HUB and COMP-R Initiative, funded by the ‘Departments of Excellence’ program of the Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research (MIUR, 2018-2022 and MUR, 2023-2027, respectively). We thank MSc. Matteo Amoruso, MSc. Beatrice Fois and all the researchers from the Aquatic Macrophyte Ecology Laboratory of the Limnology, Ichthyology and Aquaculture Research Center at the State University of Maringá for their assistance during sampling and data processing. We also offer special appreciation to Dr. Rossano Bolpagni and Dr. Sidinei Magela Thomaz for participating in the development of the ideas for this paper and for reviewing its first version. Finally, we thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments contributed to improve this paper.

Funding

Partial financial support was received from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) by providing doctoral scholarships to FM Florêncio and RP Leal.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil

    Fernanda Moreira Florêncio, Aline Rosado & Rodrigo Pedro Leal

  2. University of Parma, Parma, PR, Italy

    Alice Dalla Vecchia

Authors
  1. Fernanda Moreira Florêncio
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  2. Aline Rosado
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  3. Rodrigo Pedro Leal
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  4. Alice Dalla Vecchia
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Alice Dalla Vecchia, Aline Rosado, Fernanda Florêncio and Rodrigo Leal. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Fernanda Florêncio, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fernanda Moreira Florêncio.

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Florêncio, F.M., Rosado, A., Leal, R.P. et al. Unexpected coexistence of a native and an invasive macrophyte: a functional versus environmental niche perspective. Hydrobiologia (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-024-05606-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-024-05606-2

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