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Ecosystem services provided by small streams: an overview

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Abstract

Small streams constitute the majority of the water courses in a catchment and have specific characteristics that distinguish them from larger streams and rivers. Despite their small size and frequently remote locations, small streams contribute to ecosystem services that are important for humans. Here, we have identified 27 ecosystem services that small streams provide: seven supporting services, eight regulating services, five provisioning services and seven cultural services. Small streams are especially important for the maintenance of biodiversity, which is the basis of many ecosystem services. Small streams also support ecosystem services provided by larger streams and rivers due to longitudinal connectivity resulting in the downstream transference of energy, water, sediments, nutrients, organic matter and organisms. Small streams are, however, highly vulnerable to disturbances, which can compromise the ecosystem services they supply. We see a global need to effectively protect small streams to safeguard biodiversity and human wellbeing.

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Funding

VF was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDB/04292/2020, LA/P/0069/2020, CEEIND/02484/2018), RA was supported by the FONCYT-Argentina (PICT-2020-serieA-1426), CJL was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF DEB #1836387), FOM was supported by a grant from the National Research Fund, Kenya (FY 2017/2018) and MSM was supported by a research productivity grant from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; # 316372/2021-8).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET – Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Verónica Ferreira

  2. INIBIOMA, National University of Comahue – CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina

    Ricardo Albariño

  3. University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain

    Aitor Larrañaga

  4. The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA, USA

    Carri J. LeRoy

  5. Department of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resource Management, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya

    Frank O. Masese

  6. Laboratory of Aquatic Insect Ecology, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil

    Marcelo S. Moretti

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VF idealized the review. All authors contributed sections to the review, revised the manuscript and approved the final version.

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Ferreira, V., Albariño, R., Larrañaga, A. et al. Ecosystem services provided by small streams: an overview. Hydrobiologia 850, 2501–2535 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-05095-1

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