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Potential assessment of Chrysanthemum flowers from various cultivars as sources of natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds

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Abstract

Chrysanthemum blossoms are renowned for their aesthetic appeal and have gained recognition as potential contributors to nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, benefitting human health. This study assessed 22 Indian Chrysanthemum cultivars for phytochemicals and antioxidants. This study also presents the first quantitative determination of total saponin content in Chrysanthemum morifolium. The phytochemical profiles categorized the cultivars into three groups by hierarchical cluster analysis. The correlations among biochemical compounds was established by statistical correlation analysis which underscored the importance of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds in antioxidative attributes of cultivars. Also, variation in carotenoid content unveiled astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, mutatochrome, canthaxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and auroxanthin as potential biomarkers in differentiating cultivars. The cultivars viz., Bidhan Protima, Mauve Sarah, Silk Brocate, Diamond Jubilee, and Mahatma Gandhi displayed remarkable levels of phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, and carotenoids, emphasizing their superior antioxidant capacity. The variety in the phytochemical composition including phenolic content (0.0008–0.0231 mg/g), flavonoid content (10–555 mg/g CE), anthocyanin content (0.3–65.4 mg/L), saponin content (5.5–15%), tannin content (4.13–66.5 mg/g TAE), carotenoid content (0.02027–0.07214 mg/g), alkaloid content (220–680 mg/ml) and antioxidant potential of the C. morifolium cultivars studied featured their potential as sources of bioactive compounds for various applications. The research elucidates the rich phytochemical diversity in Indian Chrysanthemum cultivars, establishing them as priceless assets for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries with potential advantages for human health.

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Data availability

Data will be made available on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

CE:

Catechin equivalent

DE:

Dry extract

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl

FRAP:

Ferric reducing ability of plasma

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

MY:

Malvidin-3-glucoside

TFC:

Total flavonoid content

TPC:

Total phenol content

Trolox:

6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid

HCA:

Hierarchical cluster analysis

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PLS-DA:

Partial least squares-discriminant analysis

VIP:

Variable importance in projection

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the DG ICAR & Secretary DARE, New Delhi, India DDG (HS) ICAR, New Delhi ADG (HS) ICAR, New Delhi India and Director, ICAR-NRCG, Pune India, for financial and research support. The authors whose work formed the basis for this work and anonymous reviewers for critically reviewing and suggestions are also acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Shivaji Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411005, India

    S. A. Patil, A. J. Kulkarni, P. R. Jadhav, R. S. Yadav, T. N. Saha, D. K. Sarode, K. V. Prasad & P. G. Kawar

  2. Department of Botany, BJS Arts, Science and Commerce College, Bakori Phata, Wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra, 412 207, India

    M. C. Pagariya

  3. ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Solapur Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India

    T. P. Ahammed Shabeer & A. K. Sharma

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  1. S. A. Patil
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Contributions

Patil SA: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. Kulkarni AJ: Writing—original draft Writing—review and editing and data analysis. Jadhav PR: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—editing. Yadav RS: Methodology. Pagariaya MC: data analysis and editing of draft. Saha TN: Resources. Shabeer ATP: Validation and editing. Sarode DK: Methodology. Sharma AK: Validation and editing Prasad KV: Resources, Supervision. Kawar PG: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—review and final editing; Supervision & coordination.

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Correspondence to P. G. Kawar.

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Patil, S.A., Kulkarni, A.J., Jadhav, P.R. et al. Potential assessment of Chrysanthemum flowers from various cultivars as sources of natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Genet Resour Crop Evol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02035-x

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