SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative Analysis on the Safety Characteristics of N00 Mining Method with Conventional 121 Mining Method

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Driven by the need to address safety concerns in current mining systems, we have developed a novel coal mining technology known as the N00 mining method. This method, inspired by the roof cut short-arm beam theory (RCSBT) and the balanced mining theory (BMT), represents a comprehensive innovation in coal-mining theory, equipment, and production processes. Unlike the conventional 121 mining method that relies on excavating two roadways and leaving coal pillars for mining panel protection, the N00 mining method adopts non-pillar and gob-side entry automatically, offering distinct advantages in terms of coal mining safety. Extensive research and field practice have shown that the N00 mining method incorporates key technologies such as pressure relief through directional blasting (PRDB) and roof support using negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) anchor cable. By eliminating roadway boring and coal pillar retention, this method effectively reduces accidents related to roof damage and power disasters caused by stress concentration on coal pillars. Furthermore, the N00 mining method simplifies the transportation and ventilation systems within the mine, with the working face adopting a Z-shaped ventilation mode. These advancements contribute to enhancing safety across multiple systems within the mine. In conclusion, the N00 mining method offers a promising solution to prevalent safety issues in coal mining. Its unique safety characteristics are demonstrated through discussions on its five development stages (from 1G N00 mining method to 5G N00 mining method) and practical examples of its application in the field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Canada)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.

References

  • Chen X, He M, Zhou P et al (2018) Analysis of ventilation safety and reliability of working face in automatically forming roadway by roof cutting and pressure relief. Saf Coal Mines 49(11):183–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Dou L, Lu C, Mou Z et al (2005a) The theory of intensity weakening for rockburst in coal mine. J Henan Polytech Univ: Nat Sci 03:169–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Dou L, Lu C, Mou Z et al (2005b) Intensity weakening theory for rockburst and its application. J China Coal Soc 30(06):690–694

    Google Scholar 

  • Gou Y, Han X (2018) Numerical simulation research on gas migration with Y type ventilation. IOP Conf Series: Earth Environ Sci 108(3):32054

    Google Scholar 

  • He M, Zhu G, Guo Z (2015) Longwall mining “cutting cantilever beam theory” and 110 mining method in China–the third mining science innovation. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 7(5):483–492

    Google Scholar 

  • He M, Chen S, Guo Z et al (2017a) Control of surrounding rock structure for gob-side entry retaining by cutting roof to release pressure and its engineering application. J China Univ Mining Technol 46(05):959–969

    Google Scholar 

  • He M, Gao Y, Yang J et al (2017b) An innovative approach for gob-side entry retaining in thick coal seam longwall mining. Energies 10(11):1785

    Google Scholar 

  • He M, Wang Y, Yang J et al (2018) Comparative analysis on stress field distributions in roof cutting non-pillar mining method and conventional mining method. J China Coal Soc 43(03):626–637

    Google Scholar 

  • He M, Wang Q, Wu Q et al (2020) The future of mining: thinking on intelligent 5G N00 mine construction. China Coal 46(11):1–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He M, Wang Q, Wu Q et al (2021) Innovation and future of mining rock mechanics. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 13(01):1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Islavath S, Deb D, Kumar H (2016) Numerical analysis of a longwall mining cycle and development of a composite longwall index. Int J Rock Mech Min 89:43–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Jia H (2015) The study on penetration properties of butterfly plastic zone and the caving mechanism of layered roadway roof. China University of Mining and Technology, Bei**g, Bei**g

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang X, Li C (2019) Statistical analysis on coal mine accidents in China from 2013 to 2017 and discussion on the countermeasures. Coal Eng 51(01):101–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Konicek P, Schreiber J (2018) Heavy rockbursts due to longwall mining near protective pillars: a case study. Int J Min Sci Technol 28(5):799–805

    Google Scholar 

  • Li K, Wang L, Chen X (2022) An analysis of gas accidents in Chinese coal mines, 2009–2019. Extr Ind Soc 9:101049

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin B, Chang J, Zhai C (2006) Analysis on coal mine safety situation in China and its countermeasures. China Saf Sci J 16(5):42–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Małkowski P, Juszyński D (2021) Roof fall hazard assessment with the use of artificial neural network. Int J Rock Mech Min 143:104701

    Google Scholar 

  • Onifade M, Genc B (2020) A review of research on spontaneous combustion of coal. Int J Min Sci Technol 30(3):303–311

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan J, Ning Y, Mao D et al (2012) Theory of rockburst start-up during coal mining. China J Rock Mech Eng 31(03):586–596

    Google Scholar 

  • Qi Q, Liu T, Shi Y et al (1995) Mechanism of friction sliding disability of rock burst. Ground Press Strat Control Z1:174–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Qi Q, Li Y, Zhao S et al (2019) Seventy years development of coal mine rockburst in China: establishment and consideration of theory and technology system. Coal Sci Technol 47(09):1–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Qian M (1981) The equilibrium condition for overlying strata in the stope. J China Univ Min Technol 2:31–40

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian M (1982) The structural model of overlying strata in the stope and its application. J China Univ Min Technol 02:6–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Song Z (1978) Movement of overlying strata and selection of supports. Coal Sci and Technol 09:6–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Song Z, Liu Y, Jiang Y (1984) Appearance of abutment pressure before and after rock beam fracture and its application. J Shandong Min Inst 01:27–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Tao Z, Xu H, Zhu C et al (2020) The study of the supernormal mechanical properties of giant NPR anchor cables. Shock Vib 2020:1–13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Jiang B, Pan R et al (2018a) Failure mechanism of surrounding rock with high stress and confined concrete support system. Int J Rock Mech Min 102:89–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, He M, Zhang K et al (2018b) Strata behavior characteristics and control countermeasures for the gateroad surroundings in innovative non-pillar mining method with gateroad formed automatically. J Min Safe Eng 35:677–685

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Gao H, Yu H et al (2019a) Method for measuring rock mass characteristics and evaluating the grouting-reinforced effect based on digital drilling. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52(3):841–851

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, He M, Yang J et al (2019b) The structure characteristics and deformation of “short cantilever beam” using a non-pillar mining method with gob-side entry formed automatically. J China Univ Min Technol 48(4):718–726

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Zhang Z, Zhu T et al (2020a) Model test study on deformation mechanisms of roadways supported by constant resistance and large deformation anchor cables. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 39(5):927–937

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Qin Q, Jiang B et al (2020b) Geomechanics model test research on automatically formed roadway by roof cutting and pressure releasing. Int J Rock Mech Min 135:104506

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Jiang Z, Jiang B et al (2020c) Research on an automatic roadway formation method in deep mining areas by roof cutting with high-strength bolt-grouting. Int J Rock Mech Min 128:104264

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, He M, Yang J et al (2020d) Case study on pressure-relief mining technology without advance tunneling and coal pillars in longwall mining. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 97:103236

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Wang Y, He M et al (2021a) Experimental research and application of automatically formed roadway without advance tunneling. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 114:103999

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang F, Guo Z, Qiao X et al (2021b) Large deformation mechanism of thin-layered carbonaceous slate and energy coupling support technology of NPR anchor cable in minxian tunnel: a case study. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 117:104151

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Wang Q, He M et al (2021c) Stress and deformation evolution characteristics of gob-side entry retained by the N00 mining method. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energ Geo-Resour 7(3):256–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Wang Y, He M et al (2022) Experimental Study on the mechanism of pressure releasing control in deep coal mine roadways located in faulted zone. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energ Geo-Resour 8(2):252–263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Liu B, Gao Y et al (2019) Dynamic load characteristics and the pressure reduction caused by the cutting seam on the roadside roof of a large mining height longwall face in a shallow coal seam. Geotech Geol Eng 37:2949–2962

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Wei Q, Wang Y et al (2020) Research on roof deformation mechanism and control countermeasures of self-contained roadway without coal pillar without coal pillar. Rock Soil Mech 41(3):989–998

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Hou L, Xue H et al (2021) Pressure distribution and deformation control of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cutting influenced by abandoned roadways. Geotech Geol Eng 39:2533–2545

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Liu B, Zhou P et al (2023) Design method of compensation support force of short arm beam roof in non-pillar mining with automatically formed roadway and its influencing factors analysis. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 42(04):798–809

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuan L (2017) Scientific conception of precision coal mining. J China Coal Soc 42(1):1–7

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Huang Y (2019) Flow field and gas concentration distribution in the coal mining face and mined-out area with J-shape and U-shape ventilation system using comsol. J Phys Conf Ser 1168(5):52041

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang D, Yang X, Deng J et al (2021) Research on coal spontaneous combustion period based on pure oxygen adiabatic oxidation experiment. Fuel 288:119651

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Z, He M, Wang Q et al (2019) An innovative non-pillar mining method for gate road formation automatically and its application in Ningtiaota coal mine. J China Univ Min Technol 48(01):46–53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52074298, 51904207), Natural Science Foundation of Bei**g Municipality (Grant No. 8232056), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2022YJSSB04), and State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Bei**g) (Grant No. XD2021023, YFKT-202002).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics & Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Bei**g, 100083, China

    Ben Liu, Jun Zhang, Shilin Hou, Manchao He, **ng Wu & Hongcai Li

  2. School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Bei**g, Bei**g, 100083, China

    Yajun Wang

Authors
  1. Ben Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yajun Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jun Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shilin Hou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Manchao He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. **ng Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hongcai Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yajun Wang or Jun Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, B., Wang, Y., Zhang, J. et al. Comparative Analysis on the Safety Characteristics of N00 Mining Method with Conventional 121 Mining Method. Geotech Geol Eng 42, 321–338 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02574-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02574-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation