Abstract
Amidst the backdrop of excessive construction land expansion, construction land reduction (CLR) has been proposed by China as a characteristic means to ensure and promote sustainable land use. The involvement of stakeholders in CLR, especially the different dynamic behavioral strategies of key stakeholders, determines the ultimate success or failure of CLR. This study aims to understand the evolution of the key stakeholders’ behavioral strategies and to achieve consensus among the key stakeholders in CLR. To achieve this, this study constructs evolutionary game models involving the key stakeholders of CLR to analyze and simulate their behavioral strategies and the impacts of various factors on their behavioral strategies through theoretical analysis and an empirical study in Shanghai. The results show that: (1) Consensus and full realization of CLR can only be achieved when one of the municipal & district governments (MGs) and township governments (TGs) is more proactive and both peasant households (PHs) and industrial enterprises (IEs) support CLR. (2) The evolutionary outcomes are influenced by compensations and incentives, implementation areas, and future options of stakeholders. Accordingly, practical managerial implications are proposed: enhancing multi-stakeholder participation, establishing a sound and dynamic compensation and incentive mechanism, and diversifying financing approaches to extend the scope of CLR. Overall, this study theoretically provides unified models of stakeholders’ behavioral strategies in CLR, and practically facilitates consensus for the success of CLR.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data will be made available on reasonable request.
References
Bunker, R. (2014). How is the compact city faring in Australia. Planning Practice and Research, 29(5), 449–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2014.945376
Chiodelli, F., & Moroni, S. (2016). Zoning-integrative and zoning-alternative transferable development rights: Compensation, equity, efficiency. Land Use Policy, 52, 422–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.01.006
Foley, J. A., DeFries, R., Asner, G. P., Barford, C., Bonan, G., et al. (2005). Global consequences of land use. Science, 309(5734), 570–574. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1111772
Friedman, D. (1991). Evolutionary games in economics. Econometrica, 59(3), 637–666. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938222
Gu, X., Zhou, X., Liu, B., Zhang, S., & Liu, R. (2022). Using “situation-structure-implementation-outcome” framework to analyze the reduction governance of the inefficient industrial land in Shanghai. Journal of Natural Resources, 37, 1413–1424. (In Chinese with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyxb.20220603
Guo, X. (2020). Governance of stock construction land in the background of land consolidation in the developed regions: A new analytical framework of spatial governance. City Planning Review, 44(1), 52–62. (In Chinese with English abstract).
Guo, X., & Tian, L. (2016). Land decremental planning and implementation from the perspective of property right reconfiguration: A case study on **nbang town, Shanghai. City Planning Review, 40(9), 22–31. (In Chinese with English abstract).
Hiramatsu, T. (2014). Expansive urban growth boundary. Modern Economy, 5(7), 806–820. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2014.57074
Hofbauer, J., & Sigmund, K. (2003). Evolutionary game dynamics. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 40(4), 479–519. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0273-0979-03-00988-1
Johnson, M. P. (2001). Environmental impacts of urban sprawl: A survey of the literature and proposed research agenda. Environment and Planning A, 33(4), 717–735. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3327
Johnston, R. A., & Madison, M. E. (1997). From land marks to landscapes: A review of current practices in the transfer of development rights. Journal of the American Planning Association, 63(3), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369708975929
Li, Q., Wang, L., Zhu, Y., Mu, B., & Ahmad, N. (2022). Fostering land use sustainability through construction land reduction in China: An analysis of key success factors using fuzzy AHP and DEMATEL. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 18755–18777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15845-8
Li, Y., Kong, X., & Zhu, Z. (2020). Multiscale analysis of the correlation patterns between the urban population and construction land in China. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61, 102326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102326
Liang, Y., Zeng, J., Sun, W., Zhou, K., & Zhou, Z. (2021). Expansion of construction land along the motorway in rapidly develo** areas in Cambodia. Land Use Policy, 109, 105691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105691
Liu, H. M., Meng, P., Ma, K. X., Wang, K. Q., & Zhang, B. S. (2015). Study on reduction of construction land in the developed area: Reviews of the workshop on land use pattern changing and construction land reduction in the new normal. China Land Sciences, 29(12), 11–16. (In Chinese with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11994/zgtdkx.2015.12.002
Lo, A. Y. (2016). Small is green? Urban form and sustainable consumption in selected OECD metropolitan areas. Land Use Policy, 54, 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.02.014
Lu, J., Wang, K., & Liu, H. (2022a). Residents’ selection behavior of compensation schemes for construction land reduction: Empirical evidence from questionnaires in Shanghai. China Land, 12(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010020
Lu, W., Du, L., Tam, V. W., Yang, Z., Lin, C., & Peng, C. (2022b). Evolutionary game strategy of stakeholders under the sustainable and innovative business model: A case study of green building. Journal of Cleaner Production, 333, 130136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130136
Lyapunov, A. M. (1992). The general problem of the stability of motion. International Journal of Control, 55(3), 531–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207179208934253
Ministry of land and resources of China’s central government. (2014). Guiding opinions on promoting land saving and intensive use. http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2014/content_2736111.htm, Accessed 9 August 2023. (In Chinese)
Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853–886. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9711022105
Mu, B., Zhu, Y., Ahmad, N., Zhou, J., He, L., & Lin, H. (2024). Construction land reduction projects as a pathway to sustainability: an empirical analysis of risks factors in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-31996-w
Nelson, A. C., & Moore, T. (1993). Assessing urban growth management: The case of Portland, Oregon, the USA’s largest urban growth boundary. Land Use Policy, 10, 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(93)90039-D
Ritzberger, K., & Weibull, J. W. (1995). Evolutionary selection in normal-form games. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society. https://doi.org/10.2307/2171774
Taylor, M., Kwasnica, V., Reilly, D., & Ravindran, S. (2019). Game theory modelling of retail marketing discount strategies. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 37(5), 555–566. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-11-2018-0489
Tian, Y., & Qian, J. (2021). Suburban identification based on multi-source data and landscape analysis of its construction land: A case study of Jiangsu Province, China. Habitat International, 118, 102459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2021.102459
Wang, K. Q., Ma, K. X., & Liu, H. M. (2016). Study on the operating mechanism of construction land reduction in Shanghai city. China Land Sciences, 30(5), 3–12. (In Chinese with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11994/zgtdkx.20160616.142744
Wang, K., Li, G., & Liu, H. (2021a). Porter effect test for construction land reduction. Land Use Policy, 103, 105310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105310
Wang, K., Lu, J., Liu, H., Ye, F., Dong, F., & Zhu, X. (2023). Spatial justice and residents’ policy acceptance: Evidence from construction land reduction in Shanghai, China. Land, 12(2), 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020300
Wang, Y., Wang, D., & Shi, X. (2021b). Exploring the dilemma of overcapacity governance in China’s coal industry: A tripartite evolutionary game model. Resources Policy, 71, 102000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102000
Weibull, J. W. (1997). Evolutionary Game Theory. MIT press.
Zhang, Z., Liu, J., & Gu, X. (2019). Reduction of industrial land beyond urban development boundary in Shanghai: Differences in policy responses and impact on towns and villages. Land Use Policy, 82, 620–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.12.040
Zheng, H. Y., Zhuo, Y. F., Wu, C. F., Zhang, X. B., & Luo W. B. (2017). Zoning and mode selection of rural residential land consolidation based on construction land reduction. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 33(12), 270–277. (In Chinese with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.035
Zhou, Y., Huang, X., Zhong, T., Chen, Y., Yang, H., Chen, Z., & Li, H. (2020). Can annual land use plan control and regulate construction land growth in China? Land Use Policy, 99, 105026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105026
Zhou, J.-H., Zhu, Y.-M., He, L., & Mu, B.-X. (2022b). Recognizing and coordinating multidimensional dynamic stakeholder value conflicts for sustainability-oriented construction land reduction projects in Shanghai, China: An integrated SA-SNA-TRIZ approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 348, 131343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131343
Zhou, J.-H., Zhu, Y.-M., He, L., Song, H.-J., Mu, B.-X., & Lyu, F. (2022a). Recognizing and managing construction land reduction barriers for sustainable land use in China. Environment Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-02022-7
Zhou, Y., Zhong, Z., & Cheng, G. (2023). Cultivated land loss and construction land expansion in China: Evidence from national land surveys in 1996, 2009 and 2019. Land Use Policy, 125, 106496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106496
Funding
This study has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 72104040), the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant number 19FGLB060) and the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi (Grant number 2022KRM031).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
JHZ contributed to conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, data curation, writing—original draft, visualization. YMZ contributed to writing—review & editing, funding acquisition, supervision. CHL contributed to methodology, software, validation. LH contributed to investigation, validation, writing—review & editing. HLL contributed to investigation, writing—review & editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, JH., Zhu, YM., Liu, CH. et al. Stalemate or consensus? Evolution of stakeholders’ behavioral strategies in construction land reduction in China. Environ Dev Sustain (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04512-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04512-w