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A sustainable green–blue revolution in Pakistan: a new perspective from quantile regression analysis

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Abstract

The paper explores the impact of the green–blue revolution on environmental sustainability proxied by production-based carbon emission and agro-environmental footprint in Pakistan between 1976 and 2020. The basic objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the impact of green–blue revolution on sustainable environment in different quantiles. Johansen co-integration test with trace and max eigenvalues determines the long-run relationship between green–blue revolution and environmental degradation in Pakistan. Using median quantile regression analysis, we find that agricultural machinery, pesticides, and aquaculture production are positive and significant factors of production-based carbon emissions with 0.49, 0.1, and 0.09 coefficient values, respectively, while fertilizers, agricultural credit, and HYV (high yield variety) seeds are not major determinants of production-based carbon emission. At the same time, high variety seeds and fertilizers enhance the agro-environmental footprint in Pakistan with 0.23 and 0.28 coefficients, respectively, by applying median quantile regression. Similarly, agricultural machinery, pesticides, agricultural credit, and aquaculture production are not the major determinants of agro-environmental footprint by using median quantile regression. However, the response of exogenous variables varies from quantile to quantile in the case of both environmental proxies. These results discuss implications for fruitful and effective policies and recommendations for a sustainable environment.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Higher Education Archives and Libraries Department, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Samia Zahra

  2. School of Economics and Finance, **’an Jiaotong University, **’an, 710049, China

    Syed Ale Raza Shah

  3. Nottingham University Business School, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, Malaysia

    Ramez Abubakr Badeeb

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  2. Syed Ale Raza Shah
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  3. Ramez Abubakr Badeeb
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SZ helped in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing—review & editing. SARS was involved in review & editing. RAB contributed to reviews and methodology.

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Correspondence to Samia Zahra.

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Zahra, S., Shah, S.A.R. & Badeeb, R.A. A sustainable green–blue revolution in Pakistan: a new perspective from quantile regression analysis. Environ Dev Sustain 25, 14975–15002 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02698-5

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