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Appraising water resources for irrigation and spatial analysis based on fuzzy logic model in the tribal-prone areas of Bangladesh

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Abstract

The lack of quality water resources for irrigation is one of the main threats for sustainable farming. This pioneering study focused on finding the best area for farming by looking at irrigation water quality and analyzing its location using a fuzzy logic model on a Geographic Information System platform. In the tribal-prone areas of Khagrachhari Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh, 28 surface water and 39 groundwater samples were taken from shallow tube wells, rivers, canals, ponds, lakes, and waterfalls. The samples were then analyzed for irrigation water quality parameters like electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), magnesium hazard ratio (MHR), Kelley’s ratio (KR), and permeability index (PI). Fuzzy Irrigation Water Quality Index (FIWQI) was employed to determine the irrigation suitability of water resources. Spatial maps for parameters like EC, KR, MH, Na%, PI, SAR, and RSBC were developed using fuzzy membership values for groundwater and surface water. The FIWQI results indicate that 100% of the groundwater and 75% of the surface water samples range in the categories of excellent to good for irrigation uses. A new irrigation suitability map constructed by overlaying all parameters showed that surface water (75%) and some groundwater (100%) in the northern and southwestern portions are fit for agriculture. The western and central parts are unfit for irrigation due to higher bicarbonate and magnesium contents. The Piper and Gibbs diagram also indicated that the water in the study area is magnesium-bicarbonate type and the primary mechanism of water chemistry is controlled by the weathering of rocks, respectively. This research pinpoints the irrigation spatial pattern for regional water resource practices, identifies novel suitable areas, and improves sustainable agricultural uses in tribal-prone areas.

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Funding

This work is financially supported (partially) by Research and Training Center (RTC), Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh. Md. Shariful Islam has received the research support and partial grant from PSTU to conduct this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh

    Md. Shariful Islam & Udoy Jibon Tripura

  2. Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh

    Md. Saiful Islam

  3. Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh

    Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam & S. M. Rabbi Al Zihad

  4. S.B. Railway Colony School and College, Sirajganj, Bangladesh

    Mst. Moriom Khatun

  5. Department of Agriculture, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA

    Md. Mahadi Hasan & Tuba Yasmin Lubna

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  6. Mst. Moriom Khatun
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  7. Md. Mahadi Hasan
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  8. Tuba Yasmin Lubna
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Md. Shariful Islam, Udoy Jibon Tripura, Md. Saiful Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, S. M. Rabbi Al Zihad, and Mst. Moriom Khatun. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Udoy Jibon Tripura, Md. Mahadi Hasan, and Tuba Yasmin Lubna and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read, review, and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Md. Shariful Islam.

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Islam, M., Tripura, U.J., Islam, M.S. et al. Appraising water resources for irrigation and spatial analysis based on fuzzy logic model in the tribal-prone areas of Bangladesh. Environ Monit Assess 196, 641 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12799-5

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