Abstract
Plant extracts are a great alternative to synthesizing nanoparticles of different metals and metal oxides. This green synthesis method has opened up numerous possibilities in various scientific domains. In present study, Leaf extract from Vitex negundo is a non-deciduous, long-lasting shrub from the Verbenaceae family is used as cap** and reducing agents for the synthesis of silver and palladium nanoparticles. The characterization study UV–vis spectrophotometer analysis showed absorbance value around 320 nm which confirming that Ag–Pd nanoparticles have been successfully obtained. Further, SEM is used to investigate the morphology of Ag–Pd NPs, which revealing their spherical and rod-like configuration, aggregation, and the size of the particles are obtained between 50 and 100 nm. The successful synthesis of Ag–Pd NPs was further confirmed by the EDAX chart, which displayed the peak of Ag and Pd at bending energies between 0.5 and 1.5 keV. According to the quantitative study, Ag and Pd ions found about 5.24 and 13.28%, respectively. In addition, surface studies with TEM confirming that synthesized Ag–Pd NPs are predominates with spheres structure morphologies, with sizes averaging 11.20 nm and ranging from 10 to 20 nm. Further, Ag–Pd nanoparticles was applied as potential photocatalyst materials to degrade methylene blue dye and found about 85% of the degradation efficiency within 150 min of the sunlight exposure thus could be used as catalyst to removal of hazardous organic dye molecules.
Graphical abstract
Photo catalytic degradation through VNLE Ag–Pd NPs synthesis
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Acknowledgment
The authors express their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2024R398) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Authors also thank to Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for the award of National Postdoctoral Fellow (PDF/2022/001253).
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Jayaraman Narenkumar: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Ajitha kannabiran: Methodology, Original draft preparation Shenbhagaraman ramalingam: Reviewing, Punniyakotti Parthipan:Validation, Bhaskar Das:Reviewing, Software, Mohamad S AlSalhi: Validation, funding. Sandhanasamy Devanesan: Validation, Seralathan Kamala-kannan: Validation. S. Thanigaivel: Validation, Aruliah Rajasekar: Validation.
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Narenkumar, J., kannabiran, A., Ramalingam, S. et al. Photo-catalytic dye degradation potentials of Ag–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized from Vitex negundo. Environ Geochem Health 46, 200 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-01978-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-01978-5