Abstract
The development of plant adhesive with good bonding strength, water resistance and thermal stability remains challenging to replace formaldehyde-based adhesive resins that usually release toxic formaldehyde. Herein, an environmentally friendly bioadhesive derived from cottonseed meal waste and cellulose sawdust was successfully prepared, verified by FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detailed analysis. Pretreatment of cottonseed meal and sawdust at mild conditions was made to obtain cottonseed protein, purified and oxidized cellulose. Structure of these treated samples was characterized by particle size distribution, FTIR and wide angle X-ray diffraction. When adding 15% of the oxidized cellulose into cottonseed protein, the dry bonding strength of the resulting adhesive reached 2.4 MPa on average; and the highest wet bonding strength of 1.1 MPa was found when 10% dialdehyde starch was used. The improvements of bonding strength as well as thermal stability of the prepared oxidized cellulose/cottonseed protein adhesives are largely ascribed to the formation of strong chemical bonds and their mechanical interlocking with plywood substrates. Both protein-oxidized cellulose and protein-oxidized starch cross-linking networks are formed in the adhesive system, combining tightly the adhesive components. The biodegradable adhesive fabricated in work provides a new approach for the development of all-biomass derived adhesives with properties comparable to the state-of-the-art protein derived bioadhesives, thus holding great potential as an alternative to formaldehyde-based resins in wood board and indoor panel bonding industries.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2022A1515011500), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21706039), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery (2021B1212040011), and China Scholarship Council.
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Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2022A1515011500), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21706039), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery (2021B1212040011), and China Scholarship Council.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by CX. and HY. The first draft of the manuscript was written by HY., funding acquisition by HY., and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Yue, H., Xu, C., Yao, J. et al. Characterization and properties of plywood bioadhesive derived from cottonseed protein and sawdust cellulose. Cellulose 29, 5869–5881 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04611-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04611-9