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A matched case–control study of bean intake and breast cancer risk in urbanized Nigerian women

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Abstract

Purpose

Bean intake has been associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, however; only a few studies considered molecular subtypes status and none in African women living in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between dietary intake of beans and breast cancer including its subtypes in Nigerian women.

Methods

Overall, 472 newly diagnosed patients with primary invasive breast cancer were age-matched (± 5 years) with 472 controls from the Nigerian Integrative Epidemiology of Breast Cancer (NIBBLE) Study from 01/2014 to 07/2016. We collected the dietary intake of beans using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Beans_alone intake was categorized into three levels never (never in the past year), low (≤ 1 portion/week), and high intake (> 1 portion/week). We used conditional and unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) of beans_alone intake and the risk of breast cancer and by its molecular subtypes, respectively.

Results

The mean (SD) age of cases was 44.4(10.0) and of controls was 43.5(9.5) years. In the case group, more than half (51.1%) have never consumed beans_alone in the past year compared to 39.0% in the control group. The multivariable models showed inverse associations between beans_alone (high vs. none) and breast cancer (OR = 0.55; 95%CI: 0.36–0.86, p-trend = 0.03), triple-negative (OR = 0.51 95%CI: 0.28–0.95, p-trend = 0.02) and marginally associated with hormone receptor-positive (OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.29–0.96, p-trend = 0.06).

Conclusion

Dietary intake of beans_alone may play a significant role in reducing the incidence of breast cancer, particularly of the more aggressive molecular subtype, triple-negative, in African women living in SSA

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The project described was supported by the Training Program in Nigeria for Non-communicable Diseases Research (TRAPING NCD, D43TW009106) from the Fogarty International Centre: the African Female Breast Cancer Epidemiology (AFBRECANE, U01HG009784) and the African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research grants (ACCME U54HG006947) from the NIH Office of the Director/NHGRI. Additional support was received from the Maryland Department of Health's Cigarette Restitution Fund, the University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center Support Grant (P30CA134274), and the American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant IRG-18-160-16. The funding agencies did not play any role in data collection, analysis, or publication. We acknowledge the staff of the Research Department of the Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria, and clinical sites where participants were enrolled.

Funding

The funding agencies did not play any role in data collection, analysis, or publication.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Galya Bigman

  2. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Marlene and Stewart Greenbaum, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA

    Sally N. Adebamowo & Clement Adebamowo

  3. University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria

    King-David Terna Yawe & Monday Yilkudi

  4. National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria

    Oluwole Olaomi & Olawale Badejo

  5. African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research (ACCME) Biorepository and Research Laboratory, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria

    Ayo Famooto & Clement Adebamowo

  6. University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

    Emmanuel Ezeome

  7. Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

    Iliya Karniliyus Salu

  8. Garki Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

    Elijah Miner

  9. Wuse General Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

    Ikechukwu Anosike

  10. Federal Staff Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

    Benjamin Achusi

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  1. Galya Bigman
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Contributions

CAA had the idea for the NIBBLE study, designed it, obtained funding, supervised implementation, and data management. SA contributed to the study design, data management, and data analysis. GB conducted the statistical analysis and generated the first draft of the manuscript, which was revised by the co-authors. TY, MY, OO, OB, EE, IS, EM, IA, and BA enrolled participants, conducted biopsies, data collection, and ensured data quality. AF and BA conducted the laboratory diagnosis all authors contributed to drafting the manuscript, provided critical revisions, and approved the final draft.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Galya Bigman or Clement Adebamowo.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no Conflict of Interest information.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval was obtained from the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria, Health Research Ethics Committees in each participating hospital, and the institutional ethics committees at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (US). All participants gave written informed consent following the Declaration of Helsinki and the Nigerian National Code for Health Research Ethics.

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Bigman, G., Adebamowo, S.N., Yawe, KD.T. et al. A matched case–control study of bean intake and breast cancer risk in urbanized Nigerian women. Cancer Causes Control 33, 959–969 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-022-01584-9

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