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Influence of changes in local environmental variables on the distribution and abundance dynamics of wintering Teal Anas crecca

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Abstract

Explaining changes in waterfowl distribution and abundance is requested by wetland managers for a better understanding of their population dynamics and habitat use. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of interannual changes in wetland management, both through direct data and proxies, on the distribution dynamics of Teal day-roosts in the Camargue, a large wetland complex in southern France. We constructed a state-space model accounting for a conditional detection probability by aerial observers during duck counts, since changes in observers have a strong influence on variations in detection probability. First, we showed that the distribution of Teal day-roosts within the Camargue delta has changed over the last 35 years. Second, on a sub-sample of 18 years, we showed that annual changes in Teal abundance depended on salinity and open water area at the day-roost, and on the availability of potential feeding grounds surrounding the day-roost (available wetland area within 5 km). No association was detected between changes in Teal abundance and changes in the typology of wetland hydrology, or with changes in site protection status (i.e. hunted to protected). Our results reinforce the importance of considering management at the scale of functional units, by considering the complementarity of nocturnal feeding areas (mainly hunted areas) specifically managed for waterfowl, and diurnal roosts (mainly nature reserves, which have high conservation value for other animal and plant species). A good understanding of the factors affecting the localisation of waterfowl day-roosts is becoming more important in the context of climate change, which is likely to redistribute local birds with rising sea levels and increasing salinity in wetlands.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Tour du Valat, the Amis des Marais du Vigueirat, the Office français de la biodiversité, the Parc naturel régional de Camargue, the Syndicat Mixte de la Camargue gardoise and the Société nationale de protection de la nature who provided the salinity data and the associated staff that collected the data. We also thank Nicolas Malèvre and Anis Guelmami for their help in collecting and formatting the data extracted from remote sensing. Data collection was possible thanks to the ground observers and the three aerial observers: Alain Tamisier, Michel Gauthier-Clerc and Jean-Baptiste Mouronval. This work was supported by funding from the Foundation François Sommer.

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This work was supported by funding from the Foundation François Sommer (https://fondationfrancoissommer.org/).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, 13 200, France

    David Vallecillo, Sébastien Roques & Jocelyn Champagnon

  2. OFB, Unité Avifaune migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, 13 200, France

    David Vallecillo & Matthieu Guillemain

  3. UMR Ecobiop, e2S, Université de Pau et Pays de l’Adour, INRAE, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, 64 310, France

    Colin Bouchard

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Contributions

DV contributed to the study conception, design, data analysis, result interpretation and in the writing of the manuscript. MG contributed to the study conception, design, result interpretation and in the writing of the manuscript. CB contributed in data analysis and result interpretation. SR contributed in data analysis and result interpretation. JC contributed to the study conception, design, result interpretation and in the writing of the manuscript. The first draft of the manuscript was written by DV and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Vallecillo, D., Guillemain, M., Bouchard, C. et al. Influence of changes in local environmental variables on the distribution and abundance dynamics of wintering Teal Anas crecca. Biodivers Conserv 32, 4627–4649 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02713-9

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