Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential mineral present in the vegetable matter in the form of phytate, which is considered an antinutritional factor. Phytate can be degraded by phytases, which have been used in commercial feeds. However, these enzymes undergo costly isolation and purification processes. In the present study, a genetically modified (GM) Bacillus subtilis strain that expresses a fungal phytase was used as a feed additive. The GM probiotic was added to the commercial feed of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its effects on zootechnical performance, proximate composition of muscle, lipid concentration in hepatopancreas, and expression of genes related to digestion, amino acid metabolism, and antioxidant defenses were analyzed. Although the genetically modified probiotic had no impact on growth parameters, there was a 39% increase in phosphorus content in muscle. In addition, genes related to digestion were downregulated in shrimp hepatopancreas, as well as an increase in lipids in this tissue. These results demonstrate that the GM probiotic increased the efficiency of the use of plant-derived phosphorus, which may imply a decrease in the addition of this element in the diets, as well as minimizing the impact of shrimp farms on the eutrophication of adjacent ecosystems.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (L.F.M.) upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank all team members of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Brazil) and all team members of the Marine Shrimp Project (Marine Aquaculture Station, Federal University of Rio Grande—FURG, Brazil) who helped during all stages of the experiment.
Funding
This study was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Proc. 434259/2018–7) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Financial Code 001). L. F. Marins, M. B. Tesser, L. A. Romano and W. Wasielesky Jr. are research fellows CNPq (Proc. No. 309634/2018–0, 304474/2020–7, 301245/2016–9 and 310652/2017–0, respectively).
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L.M., W.W. Jr., and L.F.M. conceived the original idea. L.M., B.F.N., R.A., A.C. V.T.R., M.B.T., V.F.P., and L.A.R. carried out the experiments. L.M., B.F.N., R.A., W.W. Jr., and L.F.M. analyzed the data. L.M. and L.F.M. wrote the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.
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According to Brazilian Federal Law No. 11,794/08, there is no need for permission from the Ethics Committees in Animal Experimentation to carry out experiments involving invertebrate animals. In any case, the experiments carried out here followed the main guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
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Medeiros, L., Nornberg, B., Azevedo, R. et al. Dietary addition of recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing a fungal phytase increases phosphorus fixation in muscle of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquacult Int 31, 1729–1742 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01049-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01049-z