Abstract
This study investigated the dietary contribution of fermented grain pellets (FGP) to the growth of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei raised in a biofloc-based system. Grain pellets made of agricultural plant by-products were fermented with distilled water containing dehydrated live probiotic yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Shrimp were fed a feed with 396.8 g kg−1 crude protein (CP) under the following proportions: 100:0 (percentage of feed and FGP to the total daily ration, respectively), 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. Juvenile shrimp of 1.15 ± 0.12 g were stocked under 133 animals m−2 and reared for 77 days in thirty-five 1-m3 outdoor tanks. Final shrimp survival reached 89.3 ± 5.7% and was unaffected by dietary treatment. Shrimp body weight decreased significantly from 12.68 ± 1.48 (100:0) and 11.71 ± 0.67 g (75:25) to a low of 5.23 ± 0.40 g (0:100). No differences were found in weekly shrimp growth between shrimp fed under 100:0 (1.06 ± 0.14 g) and 75:25 (0.97 ± 0.06 g). Feed replacement at 25% caused no loss in yield (1,290 ± 87 g m−2) compared to no feed replacement at all (1,365 ± 148 g m−2). The 75:25 proportion of feed to FGP was able to partially spare feed inputs leading to 0.08 USD kg−1 savings in feeding costs. Results indicated that a feed replacement of 25% compensated by an equivalent amount of FGP as part of the daily ration led to no detriment in shrimp growth performance in a biofloc-based system.
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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The first author wishes to acknowledge the financial support from the Brazilian Federal Ministry of Education (CAPES/MEC, Brasília, Brazil; grant# 88882.454361/2019-01). We are grateful to Dr. Márcio Viana Santos (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Feral do Ceará) who granted access to a spectrophotometer reader for analyses of digestive enzyme activity. We also thank Mr. Marcelo Borba and Mr. Otavio Castro (Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care) for gently supplying the live yeast used in this study. A.D. was supported by the Brazilian National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq/MCTI; PDJ# 154096/2018-0). The last author acknowledges the support from a research productivity fellowship (CNPq/MCTI, PQ# 306144/2020-4).
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The Brazilian Federal Ministry of Education and the Brazilian National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development provided financial support for acquiring raw materials for manufacturing experimental diets, shrimp post-larvae and running feed chemical analyses described in this manuscript.
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Jordana Sampaio Leite: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, roles/writing of original draft. Alexandre Firmino Diógenes: chemical analyses of enzymes, writing—review and editing. Alberto Jorge Pinto Nunes: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition, roles/writing—original draft investigation, methodology, project administration, project administration, supervision.
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Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care donated the live yeast used in this study. This did not alter, influence, or affect the development of the study, including study design, sampling, analysis of results, interpretation of data, or decision for publication. All other authors declare no competing interests.
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Leite, J.S., Diógenes, A.F. & Nunes, A.J.P. Dietary contribution of fermented grain pellets to the growth of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei raised in an intensive biofloc-based rearing system. Aquacult Int 31, 295–316 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-00975-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-00975-8